Transcript Gender - FCSTmsu200

Gender & Families
Introduction to Family Studies
Gender & Families
Individuals
and families are influenced
by larger social forces that we may not
always notice
What
role does gender play in families?
Gender & Families
The
distinction between male and female,
masculine and feminine is basic to the
study of families
All societies exhibit a sharp
distinction between what women and
men do in families
 All cultures have divide family labor
and roles based on gender
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Gender Theory
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Gender theory argues that differences
between men and women are socially
constructed or created
And these differences help maintain power of
men over women.
Emphasizes culture, rather than biology.
In other words being feminine or masculine is
learned and created through our social
interactions
Sex & Gender
Sociologists distinguish between sex and
gender
Sex: refers to the biological attributes that
distinguish females from males such as:
chromosomes, hormones, and anatomical apparatus
Gender: refers to the cultural and social meanings,
experiences, and characteristics that are defined as
appropriate for females and males
i.e. different clothing, expectations of who can cry
Gender Theory
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Because gender is a SOCIAL construction
it is fluid and always changing
Then….
Gender Theory
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Because gender is a SOCIAL construction it
is fluid or always changing
Now…
Sex
Sex & Gender
Sex is biological
 Gender is a social creation
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Sociologists argue that gender is
“socially constructed” or created
 In other words men and women learn
many masculine and feminine behaviors
though socialization
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Social Construction of Gender
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Why do sociologists argue that gender is
socially constructed?
1) Expectations of each gender vary from
society to another
Example: In Pakistan it is common for male friends to hold
hands but this is not common among American men.
2) Gender behaviors vary within one culture
at different points in time
Example: Men’s fashions in 17th century America were much
more “feminine” compared to men’s fashions today.
Social Construction of Gender
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Why do sociologists argue that gender is socially
constructed?
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3) The meanings of masculinity and femininity
change over the course of a person’s life.
Example: The meaning of femininity changes as women
age – compare pre-pubescent girls to women who are of
childbearing age or who are postmenopausal
Sociological Perspectives on Gender
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How are gender roles acquired & how is
gender constructed?
Gender role approach focuses on the how parents,
and other social institutions transmit gendered
expectations about appropriate behavior through
socialization
Socialization is the process by which individuals
acquire society’s norms and values
Socialization is a life long process
Sociological Perspectives on Gender
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West and Zimmerman ‘Doing Gender’
Argue that we need to be continually
“resocialized” into gender roles or
reminded how to act like a man or act like
a woman
Gender is produced through interaction
For example: in families – doing housework
is “doing gender”
Men and women reinforce gender roles by
doing gender appropriate household work
Doing Gender in Families
Sociological Perspectives on Gender
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West and Zimmerman ‘Doing Gender’
They argue that gender is a “routine
accomplishment” embedded in every day
interaction
In other words, we are continually acting
out being a man or being a woman in
social situations
Gender emerges from an interaction or a
social situation
POP QUIZ
What percent of women (over age 16) are in
the PAID labor force (employed)
A. 40 percent
B. 50 percent
C. 60 percent
Answer
Source:
C
U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Pop Quiz
When asked ”it is better for a marriage if the
husbands earn more money” what percent agree?
A. 62 %
B. 41 %
C. 28 %
Answer 28 %
63 % disagree
16 % of married women out earn their husbands
Source http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/05/29/breadwinner-moms/
http://ncfmr.bgsu.edu/pdf/family_profiles/file126564.pdf
POP QUIZ
What percent of women who enroll in
college, graduate?
A. 45 percent
B. 60 percent
C. 75 percent
 Answer: B
 The rate is up to 11 percent lower for men
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www.nces.gov
POP QUIZ
What percent of women age 40 – 44 with
advanced or professional degrees are
childless (childfree)?
A. 12 percent
B. 20 percent
C. 27 percent
Answer 27 percent
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http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/19/us/19census.html
Doing Gender?
Doing Gender?
Doing Gender
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Think of an example of a situation or
interaction when you were “doing gender”
Example “I was doing gender when I
bought a pink outfit for my niece”
Women and Education
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http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/fashio
n/07campus.html?scp=1&sq=The%20new%
20math%20on%20campus&st=cse
American Council on Education:
http://www.acenet.edu/AM/Template.cfm?Se
ction=Press_Releases2&TEMPLATE=/CM/Co
ntentDisplay.cfm&CONTENTID=35338
Sociological Perspectives on Gender
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Taking your husbands name ….
Some argue – it is just easier if couple and children
have the same name –
Others argue - isn’t changing your name on all
legal documents confusing and time consuming?
And why is it almost always women who change
their names to their husbands’ name?
This is a holdover from older patriarchal customs
Women and Sports
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Title lX law is passed in 1972
The law requires gender equity for girls
and boys in every program that receives
federal funding
Most of us know it as it relates to sports
PBS Series: American Masters: Billie Jean
King
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/billi
e-jean-king/film-billie-jean-king/2637/
Source: http://www.titleix.info/history/history-overview.aspx
Summary
 Summary
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Acting in gender appropriate ways
reinforces gender differences
Sociologists argue that gender is socially
constructed through economic and social
constraints on women’s behavior and their
ability to achieve equality with men
Summary
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Summary
Gender is continuously constructed through
everyday interaction
Men’s power is embedded in the social structure
Gender and families are intertwined
Families are a social institution in which gender is
socially constructed