Transcript Intro To Class

Welcome to Sociology 240
Social Welfare
Agenda
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Syllabus Questions?
Discuss Readings
How this course fits into the HS concentration
What is the Welfare State?
Who uses welfare to survive?
Part of The Human Services Sequence
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Soc 240 Social Welfare –How Society Helps People in
Need (focus on using data to analyze different
approaches)
 Soc 341 Human Services Caseload Management
–How You Personally Might Help People in
Need (focus on internship and database
technology)
•
Soc 402 Policy Analysis and Program
Evaluation –You Design a Program to
Help People in Need (focus on evaluating
if it works)
Introduction
Chapter
Introduction
Politics, Rationalism, and
Social Welfare Policy
Social Welfare Policy
 Anything a government
chooses to do or not do
that affects quality of life
of its people. Such as…
• Public Assistance- In order
to receive it, people must
be poor
• Social Insurance-people
must pay into the program
• Social Services- such as
counseling, education,
programs for disabled
Policy, Social Policy, & Social Welfare
Policy in Relation to Each Other
PUBLIC POLICIES
SOCIAL POLICIES
SOCIAL WELFARE
POLICIES
•Source: Katz MSU
Definitions:
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Throughout this nation’s history, those who must bear the
brunt of social problems – individuals contending with
poverty, discrimination and disease – have depended in
considerable measure not only on their personal and familial
tenacity and on community supports but also on the policies
of public and nonpublic agencies and of federal, state, and
local governments. (Jansson, p1)
Welfare state –
 Government enacts measures to protect workers and
families from harsh effects of system—basis of current
U.S. government assistance (Cherlin 2005)
welfare states or social welfare policy,
 typically refers to the efforts of states (i.e. governments)
to address economic insecurity and inequality due to risks
to regular income. (Amenta et. al.)
Reading for Today and Upcoming Forum
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What is a Social Problem?
 Poverty
 Discrimination
 Disease
Who, according to Jansson, has often experienced a
disproportionate burden of social problems? (Jansson and DiNitto&Johnson p2)
 African Americans
 Older persons
 Women
 Native Americans
 Latinos
 Gay Men and lesbians
 Children
 Persons with chronic physical disabilities
 Persons with psychiatric disorders
 Persons accused of violating laws
From The New Yorker Sociologist’s Book of
Cartoons2004
risks to regular income.
How does this occur?
Requires an understanding of our economic
system.
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Capitalist economy
People pass go get $200 –symbolize
working
Economic Context of a Welfare
What happens when people must
State: Monopoly Game
keep going around board (living)
but cannot work (don’t collect
$200)?
 Have to pay others, get
bankrupt, go to jail,
homelessness (Housing
Policy)
 Starve? (Food Stamps)
 Perhaps even revolt? (Piven
and Cloward)
 If independently wealthy
and own a lot of property,
will still make money, won’t
be that bad off.
http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/images/monopoly-board.png
Social Context of a Welfare State
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What types of things might make a person not able
to work and collect that $200?
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Injury, Disability
Sickness
risks to
Death of Relative, need to assume new roles
regular
Caregiving responsibility
income
Women expected to remain in home (historically based)
Racism, exclusion from a job
Old Age
Lay-Offs
http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/images/monopoly-board.png
Exactly how we as a
society help those in need
(and who we consider
deserving of help) has
changed over time…
The Vast transition from Beggars to victims….
http://content.usato
om/communities/th
l/post/2011/08/oba
jobs-plan-my-turn
campaign-issue/1
Nobless Oblige, Robber Barron Philanthropy, not
until the Great Depression (and 2008’s economic
crisis) did everyone seem vulnerable
http://www.castle-vidcons.com/2008/05/13/comic-25-alms-for-the-poor/
http://webserver.lemoyne.edu/~ridzifm/fmridzi_files/Social%20Welfare%20S04.htm
http://www.cottesimple.com/alms_purse/luttrell_purse_alms.htm
http://www.alliance1.org/newvoices/History.pdf
Ideally, Social welfare policy is a
rational process.
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Identify a social problem
Weigh values of society
Consider alternative policies
Understand costs and benefits
of alternatives
Calculate ratio of costs to
benefits
Choose policy that maximizes
net value (i.e. greatest benefit at
lowest cost)
https://faculty.unlv.edu/ccochran/HCA452_652/Agenda_and_legislation.html
Ideally, Social welfare policy is a rational
process.- But there are critiques!
Charles E. Lindblom suggested we are
less rational (critiqued it) and more
“incremental”- start from existing
policies (not the problem) and try to
tweak them
Policy Punctuations - not
necessarily problems, but
rather crisis situations spark
congress to act. Such as:
• The stock market crash of
1929
• The terrorist attacks of
September 11, 2001
• The major economic crisis
in the fall of 2008
https://faculty.unlv.edu/ccochran/HCA452_652/Agenda_and_legislation.html
Selection of solutions may not be rational but
rather Political. Policy emerges as the government
regulates conflict by: Establishing and enforcing
general rules by which conflict is carried on,
Arranging compromises and balancing interests in
public policy and Imposing settlements that the
parties to a dispute must accept
Simon’s notion of bounded
rationality means that policymakers
consider a limited number of
alternatives, estimate the
consequences, and select an
alternative. “Satisficing”
James Madison (4th president)
believed the cause of conflict
is found in Unequal
distribution of property. So
Class differences are the root
cause of conflict.
hailed as the "Father of the
Constitution" for being
instrumental in the drafting of
the U.S. Constitution and as the
key champion and author of
the Bill of Rights.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison
https://faculty.unlv.edu/ccochran/HCA452_652
/Agenda_and_legislation.html
With a Human Services Concentration, Where Might
your Career Take You?
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Sociologists can be:
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Brief Video on careers related to social work:
http://www.monkeysee.com/play/17261choosing-to-be-a-social-worker
Front-Line Staff
Social Workers
Administrators (Harry Hopkins)
Public and Agency Officials (FDR, LBJ, Perkins)
Elected Officials
Government and Non-Profit
Advocates (Mary McLeod Bethune)
Activists (Jane Addams Social Reformer)
Voters
Anywhere the welfare state is.
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Web Mural
http://webserver.lemoyne.edu/~ridzifm/fmridzi_files/Social%20Welfare%20S04.htm
THEORETICAL & HISTORICAL
UNDERSTANDING OF THE ROLE SUCH POLICIES PLAY IN
SOCIETY.
APPLIED
INCREASE Skills and
FAMILIARITY WITH
EFFORTS TO SOLVE
“SOCIAL PROBLEMS”
POLITICAL
IMPROOVE ABILITY TO GRASP
WHY PARTICULAR GROUPS
ADVOCATE PARTICULAR
SOCIAL WELFARE POLICIES.
http://webserver.lemoyne.edu/~ridzifm/fmridzi_files/Social%20Welfare%20S04.htm
Preview Budget for next
chapter if you have time
Postpone to week 2Budget is in Chapter 2 of
DiNitto
But aside from helping
people in your career
…. You are already helping people (including
yourself) – let’s look at your tax bill.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2011/04/15/yo
ur-taxpayer-receipt
These are taxes
to yourself – to
pay for your
personal
insurance
http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2011/0
4/15/your-taxpayer-receipt
SCHIP
Prescriptions for seniors
FDA
CDC
UI
Food Stamps
HUD
EITC
SSI
As we will
discuss, federal
employees and
railroad
employees
don’t
participate in
social security.
“Welfare”
Public School
College Loans
One Stop Centers
VESID
http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2011/0
4/15/your-taxpayer-receipt
Do your own tax receipt and use it
as a guide to the rest of the course.
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http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2011/04/15/
your-taxpayer-receipt
I will ask you when we look at each section
what percent of your tax bill goes to it.
Nearly everyone uses it at
some point when you
include public education,
social security, Medicare
and Medicaid.
Agenda
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What is the Welfare State?
 Who
uses welfare to survive?
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1565847334
Who Is Likely to Use
Poverty-Related
Welfare Programs?
To Accompany Beth Shulman’s The Betrayal of Work
Source: Mark Rank. 2004. One Nation, Underprivileged. Oxford University Press.
http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?isbn=1565847334
Question 1
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What % of Adults experience poverty by age
___ ?
20
40
75
Source: Mark
Rank. 2004. One
Nation,
Underprivileged.
Oxford University
Press. P.93
Question 2
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By age 75, what % have experienced the
following years in poverty?
2+
3+
4+
Source: Mark Rank.
2004. One Nation,
Underprivileged.
Oxford University
Question 3
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Does _______ matter, if so how?
Race
Education
Gender
Source: Mark Rank. 2004. One Nation, Underprivileged. Oxford University Press. P.96
Question 4
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Is there a combined effect of race, education
and gender?
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If so, who is worst off? Best off?
Source: Mark Rank. 2004. One
Nation, Underprivileged. Oxford
University Press.
Education and Public Assistance
Source: Success By 6 Presentation, September 8, 2014 – Onondaga County Department of Child and Family Services
Does more Government Money Go
to Rural or Urban Areas?
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Answer: overall more money goes to urban areas because
more people live there, but if you look at the average going to
each person, rural people get more aid per person.
Of the $1.1 trillion in Federal, State, and local government
transfers to individuals in 2001, $214 billion went to
nonmetro residents and $897 billion went to metro residents.
On a per capita basis, nonmetro residents got more transfers
than metro residents, $4,375 vs. $3,798. With per capital
income of $22,391 in nonmetro areas and $32,077 in metro
areas, government transfers account for 20 percent of
nonmetro and 12 percent of metro income.
http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/incomepovertywelfare/Rur
alWelfare/
Question 5
Name the top 10 occupations
of the poor:
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http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1565847334
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The top 10 of the non-poor:
http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?isbn=1565847334
Source: Timothy Bartik. 2001. Jobs for the Poor: Can Labor Demand Policies Help?. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. p45
Question 6
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What % of Adults have participated in cash
welfare programs by age ___ ?
20
40
65
What percent in any welfare program for the
poor?
Almost
2/3!
Source: Mark Rank. 2004. One Nation, Underprivileged. Oxford University Press. P.103
Source: Mark Rank. 2004. One Nation, Underprivileged. Oxford University Press. P.105
Question 7
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Who makes up the largest % of welfare
recipients?
http://www.fwhc.org/welfare.htm
Percent of AFDC/TANF Caseloads that are Children By Calendar Year
Percent of Caseloads Comprised by Children
80.00
78.00
76.00
74.00
72.00
70.00
68.00
66.00
64.00
62.00
Dat a Sour ce: Dat a compi l ed by A ut hor f r om A dmi ni st r at i on f or Chi l dr en and Fami l i es, Heal t h and Human Ser vi ces
ht t p: / / www. acf . hhs. gov/ / pr ogr ams/ of a/ casel oad/ casel oadi ndex. ht m#af dc
Year
20
05
20
02
19
99
19
96
19
93
19
90
19
87
19
84
19
81
19
78
19
75
19
72
19
69
19
66
19
63
19
60
60.00
Surviving in the low wage job market
– assignment for next week.
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TV News: A profile of Low Wage Work
Work in pairs of 2
Sign up for a news segment to present next week in
class
Each news clip is less than one minute
Each class member must bring at least one “prop”.
News segments will be video recorded and posted in
course notes
Assignment for Next Week
1.Interview: Linda Stevens
2.Interview: Flor Segunda
3.Interview: Bob Butler
4.Thematic: What’s a Low Wage
5.Thematic: Health, why low-wage workers can’t get sick
6.Thematic: can’t get a steady day job
7.Thematic: can’t work and properly care for their children
8.Thematic: safety
9.Thematic: dignity
10.Thematic: security
Sign-up for Next Week's Television
Special Report
Sign up
1.Interview: Linda Stevens
2.Interview: Flor Segunda
3.Interview: Bob Butler
4.Thematic: What’s a Low Wage
5.Thematic: Health, why low-wage
workers can’t get sick
6.Thematic: can’t get a steady day
job
7.Thematic: can’t work and
properly care for their children
8.Thematic: safety
9.Thematic: dignity
10.Thematic: security
What to Focus on in Video Interview
When it will be aired
Week
1.Interview: Linda Stevens
Job situation good jobs vs, bad jobs
see also p.25 9first page of
Chapter 2 in Shulman)
Income Security
Carol Taylor
West Article
3
2.Interview: Flor Segunda
Housing and Living Situation
Housing Policy
4
3.Interview: Bob Butler
on the Job Injuries and Safety Hazards
Workers
Compensation
3
4.Thematic: What’s a Low
Wage
How US workers compare to workers
in other countries, how wealth is
distributed
US Comparative
Welfare State
5.Thematic: Health, why lowwage workers can’t get
sick
Who has health insurance and who
does not
Healthcare
4
6.Thematic: can’t get a steady
day job
Job situation good jobs vs, bad jobs
see also p.25 9first page of
Chapter 2 in Shulman)
Income Security
Carol Taylor
West Article
3
7.Thematic: can’t work and
properly care for their
children
Balancing work and childcare and
school needs (when do you do
homework with your children?)
The Home End of the
School Quality
Debate
5
8.Thematic: safety
Relationship betwee workplace and
health
Healthcare II
4
9.Thematic: dignity
How low wage workrers and low wage
employers get along
Means-Tested TANF
4
10.Thematic: security
How low wage jobs provide for
retirement and savings
Social Insurance
(Devroye)
3
3-Feb
Source: Mark Rank. 2004. One Nation, Underprivileged. Oxford University Press. P.80
Source: Timothy Bartik. 2001.
Jobs for the Poor: Can Labor
Demand Policies Help?. New
York: Russell Sage Foundation.
P.24
Source: Timothy Bartik. 2001. Jobs for the
Poor: Can Labor Demand Policies Help?.
New York: Russell Sage Foundation. P.73