Transcript Document

World Geography 3202
5.8 Development Indicators
5.8.1 Define the term gross national product
(GNP). (k)
GNP- Refers to the total value of all goods and services produced in a country
during a specific period of time (ie: one month, one year, etc.)
Weakness- It is difficult to use this figure to determine standard of living in a
country because it does not take into consideration the population of the country.
For example, two countries may have the same GNP, but country 2 may have twice
the populations. Thus, from this we could assume that the standard of living in
country 1 is higher but we would not know this is we did not know the population
of the countries.
5.8.2 Define the term per capita GNP.
(k)
Per Capita GNP- When we divide the GNP of a country by the population of that
country we get the per capita GNP. This is a much more accurate measure to use
when referring to the level of development within a country.
5.8.3 Relate per capita GNP to level of
economic development. (a)
In general places with a higher GNP have higher levels of economic development
Developed nations have the highest levels of GNP: United States, Canada, Australia, Europe,
Japan.
5.8.3 Relate per capita GNP to level of
economic development. (a)
HDI is a measure of development. This map shows how some of the worlds most
biologically diverse areas are in some of the least developed countries
5.8.4 Relate employment structures to levels of
economic development. (a)
Economists have recognized that "developed" countries have been able
to move their economy beyond the primary sector to the secondary
sector which in turn grows the tertiary sector.
developed countries have a much larger percentage of their work force
employed in the secondary and tertiary sectors.
Lesser developed countries have most of their work force employed in the
primary economic sector.
100
80
60
Primary
40
Secondary
20
Tertiary
0
Burundi
Burundi is typical
of a lesser developed
country it has a high
percentage working
in primary industry
Ghana
Mexico
United
States
Ghana and Mexico
Are typical of developing
Countries they have a
Reduced amount of people
Working in primary industries
And growth in the secondary
And tertiary industries
They United States is
Typical of developed
Countries. The largest
percentage is employed
in tertiary industry. While
primary industry
employment is greatly
reduced
5.8.4 Relate employment structures to levels of
economic development. (a)
Employment
Structure for Country
"X"
Employment
Structure for Country
“Y"
Employment
Structure for Country
"X"
Primary
sector
60%
Primary
sector
80%
Primary
sector
3%
Secondary
sector
15%
Secondary
sector
5%
Secondary
sector
15%
Tertiary
sector
25%
Tertiary
sector
10%
Tertiary
sector
82%
5.8.5 Explain why it is beneficial to use more than one
indicator when describing the standard of living of a
country. (k)
It is quite dangerous to only use one indicator to classify the
level of development in a country because that one indicator
may be an outlier (ie: misleading, based upon many other
indicators).
5.8.6 Relate selected social and economic
indicators to level of economic development. (a)
• There seems to be two aspects to development,
economic (financial) and social (human).
• Economic development refers to how well the
economy is doing and how much money people
have at their disposal.
• Social development refers to more human
indicators of well being such as life expectancy,
infant mortality rate, literacy rate, availability of
communications.
5.8.6 Relate selected social and economic
indicators to level of economic development. (a)
• There is some debate over which indicators are a
better measure of development.
• It is very likely that a variety of indicators is the
best way to determine the level of development.
• Generally speaking, people in more developed
countries are better off and have an easier life
than people in lesser developed nations.
• To describe how well off people are, economists
and sociologists use the term "standard of
Living". Standard of living equates to quality of
life.
5.8.6 Relate selected social and economic
indicators to level of economic development. (a)
Social Indicators
Economic Indicators
Population factors (Growth)
GNP
Life Expectancy
Employment Structure
Infant mortality
% of population employed
Access to drinking water
Literacy rates
Many More…..
HIGH STANDARD OF LIVING
• long life expectancy
• equal rights
• high average wages
• strong economies
• great health care
• and high literacy rates
LOW STANDARD OF LIVING
• short life expectancy
• discrimination against woman
• very low wages
• faltering economies
• little health care
• and very low literacy rates.
5.8.7 Analyze patterns in the distribution of selected
socio-economic indicators with the patterns in the
distribution of developed or developing countries. (a)
5.8.7 Analyze patterns in the distribution of selected
socio-economic indicators with the patterns in the
distribution of developed or developing countries. (a)
Population Growth Rates
5.8.7 Analyze patterns in the distribution of selected
socio-economic indicators with the patterns in the
distribution of developed or developing countries. (a)
Life Expectancy
5.8.7 Analyze patterns in the distribution of selected
socio-economic indicators with the patterns in the
distribution of developed or developing countries. (a)
5.8.7 Analyze patterns in the distribution of selected
socio-economic indicators with the patterns in the
distribution of developed or developing countries. (a)
5.8.7 Analyze patterns in the distribution of selected
socio-economic indicators with the patterns in the
distribution of developed or developing countries. (a)
Employment Rates
5.8.7 Analyze patterns in the distribution of selected
socio-economic indicators with the patterns in the
distribution of developed or developing countries. (a)
Q. When economists calculate the percentage of
people working in each economic sector the
statistic created is known as the _?_.
A. EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE
Q. _?_ refers to the total value of the production of
goods and services in a nation measured over a
year.
A. GNP (GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT).
Q. _?_ is derived by dividing the GNP by the
population of the country.
A. Per capita GNP
Q.
Consider the countries and their GNP's listed
below. Which country would economists say is
most developed ?
•
•
•
•
Q.
A.
B.
C.
D.
$1,400
$20,200
$7,700
$6,100
Consider the countries and their employment
structures listed below. Which country would
economists say is most developed?
–
–
–
–
A. 46% primary 23% secondary
31% Tertiary
B. 3.4% primary 22% secondary 74.6% Tertiary
C. 14.9% primary 32.4% secondary 53.2% Tertiary
D. 56% primary 20.8% secondary 23.2% Tertiary
The United Nations Pledge!!
The United Nations recognizes
the disparity and has set
forth eight "millennium
goals" to reduce the
disparity among nations.
• By the year 2015 all 189
United Nations Member
States have pledged to meet
the list of goals.
EIGHT "MILLENNIUM GOALS"
• Eradicate extreme poverty and
hunger
• Achieve universal primary
education
• Promote gender equality and
empower women
• Reduce child mortality
• Improve maternal health
• Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and
other diseases
• Ensure environmental
sustainability
• Develop a global partnership
for development
The main reason is not because of ANY 1 factor BUT because the three
factors combined!
Read ALL of the statement!!!! Notice the end of the statement says
“divided by the country’s population.”