Transcript Cephalopoda
CEPHALOPODA Presentation By: Brandon Krulick, Maria Woerz, Victoria Brown, Emily Drake, and Claudia Toulany INTRODUCTION Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Molluska Class: Cephalopoda Subclasses: Coleoidea Nautiloidea Ammonoidea (extinct) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDwOi7HpHtQ EVOLUTION Cambrian (530 Mya) from a monoplacophoran-like mollusk About 416 Mya, cephalopods diverged into nautiloids and coleoids Coleoids internalized their shell during the late Paleozoic period. This internalization of the shell led to the diverging of coleoid into Octopodiformes and Decabrachia CHARACTERISTICS Primarily composed of a body, head, and foot Foot is used for movement Movement is also controlled by the mantle cavity and siphon All have three hearts Blue blooded Large brains Advanced nervous systems Complex eyes Muscular casing (mantle) Minimum of 8 arms Arms are directly attached to their head Many species have tentacles Their arms have either cirri, suckers, or hooks Many have a shell CHARACTERISTICS Colour change Carnivores Prey include: fish, crustaceans, and mollusks Horn-like beaks Tongue used to draw food into the mouth DEFENCE MECHANISMS Tentacles Camouflage Sepia sac (ink) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rqhomPaxhE LIFE CYCLE 1- 15 years Semelparous reproduction Courtship behaviour: male changes colour rapidly Penis or hectocotylus used to transfer spermatophore Egg cluster Variable hatching time No larval stage Rapid development FUN FACTS BLUE- RINGED OCTOPUS Known as one of the world’s most venomous animals Can kill an adult human within minutes JET PROPULSION Water flows to mantle cavity, thick muscles within the mantle wall contract causing water to travel out a narrow funnel Backward when feeling threatened, forward when attacking prey Can swim up to 25 miles an hour Ex: Neon flying squid Vampyrotheuthis infernalis:VAMPIRE SQUID FROM HELL Bioluminescent arms, glowing blue light Greater hooked squid Onykia ingens Record breaking penis SOURCES Corona, Lauren. "What Are the Characteristics of a Cephalopod?” Animals. Demand Media, n.d. Web. 31 Mar. 2014. <http://animals.pawnation.com/characteristics cephalopod5394.html>. "Class Cephalopods." Cephalopods. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Mar. 2014. <http://www.angelfire.com/mo2/animals1/cephalopod/c ephalopod.html>. "About E-Fauna BC." Cephalopods. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. <http://www.geog.ubc.ca/biodiversity/efauna/Cephalopods.h tml> "Cephalopod ." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopod#Reproduction_and_lif e_cycle>. "University of California Museum of Paleontology." The Cephalopoda. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. <http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/taxa/inverts/mollusca/cephalopo da.php>. Google Images Vendetti, J. (2006). The cephalopoda. Retrieved 31 March, 2014, from http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/taxa/inverts/mollusca/cephalopoda hp Kröger, B., Vinther, J. & Fuchs, D. (2011). Cephalopod origin and evolution: A congruent picture emerging from fossils, development and molecules: Extant cephalopods are younger than previously realised and were under major selection to become agile, shell-less predators.. Retrieved 31 March, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21681989 Nepolina. Retrieved 31 March, 2014, from http://www.manandmollusc.net/advanced_introduction/nepolina.ht ml Vendetti, J. (2006). The cephalopoda. Retrieved 31 March, 2014, from http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/taxa/inverts/mollusca/cephalopoda.p hp "8 Amazing Facts about Cephalopods." Noadis Art. 8 Oct. 2012. N.p., Web. 31 Mar. 2014. http://www.noadi.net/2d-art/8-amazing-factsabout-cephalopods/. "Basic Facts About Cephalopods." Ocean Biogeographic Information System. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Mar. 2014. http://www.iobis.org/node/161. Craig, Nicolette. "Squid Has Record-breaking Penis." Practical Fish Keeping. N.p., 14 July 2010. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/content.php?sid=3023 Nautilus belauensis. (2014). Retrieved 31 March, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautilus_belauensis