Transcript Amphibians - Cloudfront.net

Phylum Chordata
Class Amphibia
1. Class Amphibia
A. Lay eggs in water, or some kind of moisture
1. Live in water as larvae and on land as
adults.
2. Have moist skin
B. Feeding
1. Tadpoles – herbivore, Adults are
carnivores
C. Gas exchange
1. Skin – always needs to be moist, also
lungs.
2. Gills – some species
D. Amphibians are cold-blooded
E. 3 chambered heart
1. 2 atriums – right side, deoxygenated blood,
left side, oxygenated blood.
2. 1 ventricle – center, main pumping chamber,
up into both atriums.
F. Waste
1. Nitrogenous waste are secreted by kidneys
2. Large amounts of dilute urine because of
osmosis occurring through the skin
G. Limbs
1. 4 limbs stick out sideways
a. Exception = legless amphibians
2. Move in an s-shape curve or
3. Use hind legs to jump or
4. Suction like adhesive disks – sticky pads
H. External fertilization
Frog’s Heart
Frog’s Heart
Body and left lung
Body and Right lung
Lower body
Right Atrium
Left Lung
Left Atrium
Ventricle
H. External Fertilization
• 1. Amplexus – male frog climbs
on the females back, wraps his
arms around her body and uses
his large thumbs to push her eggs
out. While eggs are leaving the
cloaca, male deposits sperm
directly on her eggs, fertilizing
them as they enter the water.
I.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Digestive Track
1. Mouth
2. Esophagus – gullet
3. Stomach
4. Pyloric Sphincter – lower part of stomach
5. Duodenum – upper end of small intestines
6. Ileum – lower end of small intestines
7. Large intestines
8. Cloaca
9. Anus
J. Digestive system accessory
organs
• 1. Liver – produces bile, fat emulsifier
• 2. Gall Bladder – stores excess bile
• 3. Pancreas – produces pancreatic juices
that secretes into the stomach and small
intestines.
• K. Mesentary – flexible tissue that holds
and connects all the organs together
inside the frogs body. (Connective
Tissue)
2. Order Urodela
A. ex. Newts and salamanders
B. Size – no longer than 15 cm
C. Larvae are fully aquatic with gills and a tail
D. 300 species
3.
Order Apoda
A. ex. caecilians (worm-like amphibians)
B. 160 species
4. Order Anura
A. ex. Frogs and toads
B. 2500 species
C. Some live part of their life in water, some are
permanently aquatic.
D. Toads can live without water
E. Frogs shed their skin and can eat it!
F. Anura means tailless
G. Return to water to reproduce
H. Hatched eggs become tadpoles
I. Most go through metamorphosis to become adults.
Frog Cycle
• 7-10 days tadpole
hatches from egg
• 6-9 weeks legs sprout
out
• 12 weeks tail
disappears and adult
frog
Differences between a Tadpole and
an Adult Frog
• Tadpole
–Gills
–Tailed
–Herbivore
Adult
Lungs/skin
Tailless
Carnivore
Frogs have variable kinds of eye types. The colored part
of the eye is called the iris . They can be brown, green,
silver, red, bronze, and even gold.
The pupils come in all kinds of shapes too!
(2) Round pupils: Some frogs have round pupils just like
you and me. Newts and Salamanders also have round
pupils.
(2) Vertical pupils: Vertical pupils that look like a cats
eye are really good for night vision and respond quickly to
changes in light.
(3) Horizontal-Shaped pupils: These are the more
common pupil, good for normal day-vision.
Nictitating Membrane – known as the third eye lid of the
frog.
F. Frogs hearing
1. Frogs can hear using big round ears on
the sides of their head called a tympanic
membrane.
2. Tympanic means drum.
3. The size and distance between the ears
depends on the wavelength and frequency of
a male frogs call.
4. On some frogs, the ear is very hard to
see!
G. Frog colors
1. Bright colors signifies a warning – saying “I’m
poisonous”
2. Other colors are for camouflage to hide from
predators.
Mouth structures
• Maxillary – Row of teeth on the upper jaw.
• Vomerine – a pair of teeth, Between
nostril holes inside mouth on upper palate.
• Glottis – pathway to the lungs.
• Esophagus – pathway to the stomach
• Fatty bodies - Lose fat noodles that
insulate frog and protect organs.
• Rib cage – no a frog lack ribs.