Transcript ppt

Solar System Science
Flares and Solar Energetic Particles
Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes
Cosmic-ray interactions with Earth, Sun, Moon, etc.
Plans:
Optimization of GLAST flare response
Solar Physics paper on GLAST capabilities
GLAST Solar Flare Response
GLAST launch late in solar minimum
Rise in solar activity 2008-9; peak 2010-2014.
(But remember 20 January 2005 flare—later discussion)
Possible Solar Flare Mode
Activate overall solar-flare capability when probability for X-class
flare exceeds 5% in a 24 day period
GBM trigger:
Soft- spectrum burst detected <20 degrees from Sun;
detectable flux > 1 MeV
GLAST action:
ACD veto disabled
Sun < 70 deg from Z-axis –
Data analyzed from 4 central towers below first 4(?)
layers.
Return to normal mode in 1000 s or when GBM solar-side
BGO rate < R.
Sun >70 deg from Z-axis
Calorimeter trigger: lowered energy threshold (~100
MeV).
Return to normal mode in 1000 s or when GBM solar-side
BGO rate < R.
Hardest flare ever detected in space.
(near solar minimum!!)
Milagro Observation of >10 GeV Particles
from Sun on 20 Jan 2005
GOES proton data
>10 MeV
>50 MeV
>100 MeV
Milagro scaler data
> 10 GeV protons
~1 min rise-time
~5 min duration
Milagro Observed > 10 GeV from the
Solar Energetic Particle events on
• 6 November 1997
• 14 July 2000
• 15 April 2001
• 20 January 2005
2005 January 20 Gamma Ray Spectrum at Peak
Lines??
Very hard accelerated particle spectrum, s ~ 2.2, from
annihilation and neutron capture line comparison.
RHESSI
Nuclear continuum dominates for hard spectra, masking the
discrete lines. Just statistics or something fundamental?
RHESSI
SMM
7:01 UT X7.1 N14W61
1E+5
X и гамма (СОНГ), 1/сек
1E+4
1E+3
1E+2
1E+1
1E+0
6.60
6.65
6.70
6.75
6.80
6.85
6.90
UT (часы и доли часа) 20/01/2005
Coronas-F Song
6.95
7.00
20 January, 2005
SONG
4
MeV
-1
10
I
2
10
II
Pion peak?
F, cm
-2
s
-1
0
10
-2
10
-4
1x10
-6
10
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0.1
1
10
100
4
10
2
IV
III
10
0
10
-2
10
-4
1x10
-6
10
0.1
1
10
E, MeV
100
0.1
1
10
E, MeV
100
Coronas
observed
pion
radiation
here.
Is the long
511 keV
flux tail due
to newly
revealed
radioactive
material?
Terrestrial flashes observed by RHESSI
(David Smith)
1 ms duration; associated with lightening (sprites);
discovered by BATSE; tens per day globally.
Summed TGF spectrum extending up to ~20 MeV;
GLAST observations of Earth’s atmosphere?