Transcript Introduction to Database

Introduction to Database
Today’s Lateral Thinking Puzzle
“A woman has incontrovertible proof in
court that her husband was murdered by
her sister. The judge declares, "This is the
strangest case I've ever seen. Though it's
a cut-and-dried case, this woman cannot
be punished."
IT Review Overview
IT Review
IT Review Teams
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2 students each
Send me email if you have a preference
Teams announced in class next week
What is Data?
The “I” in Information
Technology and Information
Systems
Do You Remember?
Data vs. Information vs. Knowledge
Data represents a fact or statement of event
without relation to other things.
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Ex: It is raining.
Definition
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“Data is the elementary description of things,
events, activities and transactions that are
recorded, classified and stored but are not
organized to convey any specific meaning.”
Do You Remember?
Data vs. Information vs. Knowledge
Information embodies the understanding of
a relationship of some sort, possibly cause
and effect.
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Ex: The temperature dropped 15 degrees and
then it started raining.
Definition
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“Information is Data organized so that they have
meaning and value to the recipient.”
Do You Remember?
Data Hierarchy
Bit (a binary digit): a circuit that is either
on or off.
A group of 8 bits, representing a single
character, is called a ?
Do You Remember?
Data Hierarchy (Continued)
Field: name, number, or characters that
describe an aspect of a business object or
activity.
Record: collection of related data
fields.
Table: collection of related records.
Database: a collection of integrated
and related tables.
What is a Database?
Terminology
Database: A collection of tables with
relationships between the tables.
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bibliographic, statistical, business data,
images, etc.
Database management system (DBMS) is a set
of programs that provide users with tools to add,
delete, access and analyze data stored in one
location.
Tables and Databases
Table: A collection of records or documents
dealing with one organization, person, area
or subject
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Manual (paper) files
Computer files
From Files to Databases
Problems with File Systems
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Inconsistent Data
Inflexibility
Limited Data Sharing
Poor enforcement of standards
Excessive program maintenance
Intermission
Artwork © Jan’s Courtyard 1996-2005
Database and the Enterprise
DBMS Advantages
Make it easier to store large
quantities of information
Make it easier to retrieve information
quickly and flexibly
Make it easy to organize and
reorganize information
Make it easy to print and distribute
information in a variety of ways
DBMS Advantages (cont.)
Minimal Data Redundancy
Consistency of Data
Integration of Data
Data Accessibility and Responsiveness
Data Independence
Ease of Application Development
Reduced Program Maintenance
Sharing of Data
Database Operations
Import: receive data in the form of text files
Browse: navigate through information
Query: find records that match specific criteria
Sort: rearrange records (alphabetically or
numerically)
Print reports, labels, and form letters: A
report is an ordered list of selected records and
fields in an easy-to-read format.
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The Many Faces of Databases
Large databases often contain hundreds of
interrelated tables.
A DBMS can shield users from the complex
inner workings of the system, providing them
with only the information they need to get their
jobs done.
Which of the following uses a
database for electronic commerce?
Databases in the Real World:
Electronic Commerce
Intermission
Artwork © Jan’s Courtyard 1996-2005
In Pictures:
Technology Billionaires
Special Report
The Forbes 400
09.20.07
ONE BILLION DOLLARS IS NO
LONGER ENOUGH…
http://www.forbes.com/2007/09/18/richlist07_Technology_slide_2.html?thisSpeed=4000
How Big is BIG?
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Byte
Kilobyte (KB)
Megabytes (MB)
Gigabytes (GB)
Terabytes (TB)
Petabytes (PB)
= 8 bits
= 1 Thousand Bytes
= 1 Million Bytes
= 1 Billion Bytes
= 1 Trillion Bytes
= 1000 Terabytes
Do You Remember?
How Big is BIG?
NSA Call Tracking
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96 gigabytes
AT&T “Daytona” Project
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312 terabytes
Wal-Mart
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583 terabytes
Google Earth
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Rumored at 1,000 terabytes (1 petabyte)
http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/technology/maney/2006-05-16-nsa-privacy_x.htm
Types of Database Systems
PC Databases
Client/Server Databases
Web-Based Databases
PC Databases
Client Server Databases
Client
(Mac/Windows)
Client
(Mac/Windows)
Network
Database
Server
(Unix/Linux)
Client
(Mac/Windows)
Databases and the Web
Information is available via a company’s
Intranet and the Internet.
HTML, the language used to construct most
Web pages, wasn’t designed to build database
queries.
XML, a newer, more powerful data description
language, is designed with industrial-strength
database access in mind.
Databases and the Web
Request (ex. get a price quote, place an order)
Response (ex. query results with HTML-formatted
product price or order confirmation notice)
What Do You Know?
1. A collection of related files, tables, and so on
that stores data and the associations among them
is _____
A)
hardware
B)
software
C)
database
D)
network
E)
procedures
1. A collection of related files, tables, and so on
that stores data and the associations among them
is _____
A)
hardware
B)
software
C)
database
D)
network
E)
procedures
2. It is very difficult to manage data for which of
the following reasons?
A) amount of data increases exponentially over
time
B) data are scattered throughout organizations
C) increasing amount of external data must be
considered
D) data security is easily compromised
E) all of the above
2. It is very difficult to manage data for which of
the following reasons?
A) amount of data increases exponentially over
time
B) data are scattered throughout organizations
C) increasing amount of external data must be
considered
D) data security is easily compromised
E) all of the above
3. Place the following members of the data
hierarchy in the correct order:
A)
bit – byte – field – record – database – table
B)
bit – field – byte – record – table – database
C)
byte – bit – record – field – database
D)
bit – byte – field – record – table – database
3. Place the following members of the data
hierarchy in the correct order:
A)
bit – byte – field – record – database – table
B)
bit – field – byte – record – table – database
C)
byte – bit – record – field – database
D)
bit – byte – field – record – table – database
4. Data are scattered throughout
organizations.
A) True
B) False
4. Data are scattered throughout
organizations.
A) True
B) False
5. The amount of data is increasing
exponentially over time.
A) True
B) False
5. The amount of data is increasing
exponentially over time.
A) True
B) False
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