Transcript Introduction to Information Technology

Introduction to Information
Technology
László Kajdocsi
Department of Information Technology
Etymology
 INFORMATION
Information refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, study or research.
Information is knowledge and helps us to fulfil our daily tasks.
 TECHNOLOGY
Technology is the use of scientific knowledge, experience and resources to create
products that fulfil human needs.
Eras of
Information Technology
4 main ages divide up the history of information technology:
 Premechanical (3000B.C. - 1450A.D.)
 Mechanical (1450 - 1840)
 Electromechanical (1840 - 1940)
 Electronic (1940 – present and beyond)
Data and information
 Difference between data and information
 Classify different types of data processed by computer
 Function of the units of computer
 How is data processed by computer?
Data vs. information
Data
Information
• unorganized facts
• is organized and
that need to be
processed data
processed
• has meaningful
• can be useless until
it is organized
value for the
receiver
Data and information
Types of data:
 Numeric
 Text
 Image
 Audio
 Video
Functional units of computer
Steps of data processing
 Collection
 Preparation
 Input
 Processing
 Output and interpretation
 Storage
Data storage
 Primary storage (CPU registers, cache)
 Secondary storage (hard disk, flash memory, CD, DVD)
 Nearline storage (tape library)
Computer inputs
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Scanner
 Touchscreen
 Microphone
 Joy stick
 Bar code reader
 Digitizer, etc.
Computer outputs
 Monitor
 Graphic plotter
 Printer
Networks
 Personal Area Network (PAN)
 Local Area Network (LAN)
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
 Wide Area Network (WAN)
 Global Area Network (GAN)
Network topologies







Line network
Bus network
Star network
Ring network
Mesh network
Fully-connected network
Tree network
Computer software
Operating systems
•
•
•
•
•
•
DOS
Windows
Unix
Linux
MAC OS
RTOS
Programming languages
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ada
Basic
C, C++, C#
Cobol
Fortran
Java
Pascal
Python, etc.
Internet services
 World Wide Web
 Communication
 Data transfer
Present and beyond
ICT
Smart devices
e-Marketing
Smart homes
e-Commerce
Smart cities
e-Learning
Security systems
e-Health Care
Global positioning
e-Governance
Autonomous vehicles
Impact of IT on society
FASTER
COMMUNICATION
SPEED
SOCIAL
PROBLEMS
BORDERLESS
COMMUNICATION
PAPERLESS
ENVIRONMENT
LOWER
COMMUNICATION
COST
impact of
IT on
society
RELIABLE MODE OF
COMMUNICATION
EFFECTIVE
SHARING OF
INFORMATION
Information Technology
Information technology is a general term that describes any technology
that help to produce, manipulate, store and communicate information.
IT: One of the Fastest Growing Sector
Major research fields of
future IT
E-Commerce
Enterprise Resource Planning
Supply Chain Management
IT Personnel Management: Careers & Competencies
Management of the Outsourcing of IT
Data mining, Data Modeling and Decision Support Systems
E-Government
Recommender systems
Virtual reality & 3D internet
Indoor positioning
Networking
Thank you for your attention!