Transcript Developmental Psychology Revision

Developmental
Psychology
Pre-verbal Communication
Overview
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Introduction & Definitions
Listening to voices; speech perception
Motherese, CDS
Speech production
Phonetic development
Non-verbal communication
Establishing joint reference
Making sense of faces
Early comprehension
What do prelinguistic infants know about language?
Emerging knowledge that others have minds
Summary
Introduction and Definitions
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What is communication?
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Signals - perceived - influencing
Is language discontinuous or
continuous?
Bickerton (1984), Shatz (1983)
 Bloom (1998), Hirsh-Pasek & Golinkoff
(1996)
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Lock (1999) – preverbal communication
Listening to voices
Speech perception
DeCasper & Fifer (1980)
 Butterfield & Siperstein (1972)
 Mehler et al (1988), Moon et al (1993)
 Categorical perception
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Kuhl (2001)
 Best (1995)
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Motherese
Child directed speech
 Cooper & Aslin (1990)
 Masataka (1996)
 Why use motherese?
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Speech production
Crying
 Cooing
 Babbling
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Vihman (1985, 1992)
 Stages
 Locke
 de Boysson-Bardies et al (1992)
 Pettito & Marentette (1991)
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Phonetic development (taken
from Harris & Butterworth (2002)
Non-verbal communication
Non-symbolic
 Showing, giving, pointing
 Gaze
 Joint reference
 Protoimperatives
 Protodeclaritives
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Establishing joint reference
Butterworth (1998)
 Pointing
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Butterworth & Franco (1990)
 Bates et al (1979)
 Harris, Barlow-Brown & Chasin (1995)
 Curcio (1978)
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Lempers et al (1977)
3-4 mths
 6-7 mths
 7-8 mths
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adults offer & show
infants reciprocate
adults point
1 year
high degree of
communicative knowledge; point,
check, look in direction of point
(not face)
Making sense of faces
Emotional expression
 Ludemann & Nelson (1988)
 Campos & Sternberg (1981)
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Social referencing
Early comprehension
8 mths
 Oviatt (1980)
 Fenson et al (1994)
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50 words
 Over 150 words
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What do pre-linguistic infants
know about language?
6 mths
 7-8 mths
 Turn taking
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Emerging knowledge that
others have minds
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Joint attention
Implications for communication
Carpenter et al (1998)
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< 12 mths
12-13 mths
Intention and mapping
Mind reading
Summary
The importance of the preverbal period to
language development
 Speech perception
 Speech production
 Pragmatic functions of gesture
 Other functions
 Transition to speech
 Other sources of evidence e.g. Deaf children
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Reading
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Flom, R. & Pick, A.D. (2003) Verbal encouragement
and joint attention in 18-month-old infants. Infant
Behaviour & Development, 26, 121-134.
Goodwyn, S., Acredolo, L., & Brown, C. (2000) Impact
of Symbolic Gesturing on Early Language
Development. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 24(2),
81-103.
Lock, A. (2004) Preverbal Communication. In.
Bremner, G. & Fogel, A. (Eds.) Blackwell Handbook of
Infant Development. Blackwell.
Morales, M., Mundy, P., Delgado, C.E.F,. Yale, M.,
Messinger, D., Neal, r., & Schwartz, H.K. (2000)
Responding to Joint Attention Across the 6- Through
24-Month Age Period and Early Language Acquisition.
Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 21 (3),
283-298.