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© Benjamin Dobbs, 2016
International Communication: What
Learners Really Need English For
Ben Dobbs
@BDComms
www.bd-comms.eu
How Are You? SUDS
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What Are We Doing and Why?
Why should anyone learn English?
Why are my students / trainees / participants learning English?
Who do they / will they communicate with and why?
What language challenges do they face?
What communication challenges do they face?
Is there a discrepancy between their language level and their
communication level?
Where and through what means does their communication take
place?
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Motivation
Intrinsic motivation
-
internal motivation
Extrinsic motivation
-
motivation from an external source
Instrumental motivation
-
motivation in order to achieve a purpose
Integrative motivation
-
motivation to fit in with a group
Assimilative motivation
-
motivation to become like a group
Positive reinforcement
-
reward
Negative reinforcement
-
fear of negative repercussions
Approach motivation
-
motivation to obtain a reward
Avoidance motivation
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desire to avoid negative consequences
Resultative motivation
-
motivation resulting from success
Interpersonal motivation
-
motivation obtained from another
Intrapersonal motivation
-
motivation from within oneself
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Areas I Work In
I help international workers to communicate better, to build
better relationships and achieve results through application
of training focusing on language, culture, personality and
function:
-
Language
Business functions (presenting, negotiating and so on)
Intercultural communication
Interpersonal communication
Leadership
The ideas in this talk are based on experiences gained in
intensive training in the UK, Ireland, Switzerland,
China, Russia, the UAE, Italy and Saudi Arabia with
over 70 nationalities.
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What is Communication?
What is
communication?
Communication is
simply the act of
transferring
information from
one place to
another.
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Communication
Communication is composed of the three Vs.
What are these?
erbal
V……..
ocal
V……..
isual
V……..
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What makes Communication Effective?
Having good tone and tempo
Emphasise the positive
Be human, show warmth
Ask lots of questions
Keep it short and simple (KISS)
Structure things clearly and logically
Promoting your own “personal brand”
Check that you are understood
Intercultural communication skills
Show that you are listening
Reading signs from the other
A suitable level of formality
Written accuracy
Summarising often
Building trust
Handling conflict
Using body language
Saying exactly what you mean
Using humour where you can
Influencing other people
Avoiding sarcasm / irony
Confidence
Clarifying any doubts you have
Perfect grammar
Perfect pronunciation
Using advanced vocabulary
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What is the Purpose?
Communication
Relationships
Communication
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Results
What is Competence?
Mindset
Competence
Skills
Knowledge
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Competences
What do you need to know to present, negotiate, call and so in an effective way?
a) Linguistic: your general language (grammar,
vocabulary and pronunciation); the specific vocabulary for
your task
b) Functional: lexis and expressions for the task
- phrases for negotiation, presenting, chairing and so on
Non-linguistic: visual support for a presentation for
example
Paralinguistic: body language, gestures, facial
expressions, tone and pitch of voice
c) Interpersonal: how to build trust, handle conflict,
listen actively, develop relationships and influence people
d) Intercultural: skills, knowledge and mindset for
working in a globalised world
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Why Communication in English?
1) As a language of international communication
(NS-NS, NS-NNS, NNS-NNS).
2) As a vehicle of interpersonal communication and
relationship-building.
3) For working and communicating across cultures.
4) For functioning in business or study.
5) As a language of leadership.
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Linguistic Competence
Vocabulary
Grammar
Differ internationally
Pronunciation
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Non-Linguistic Competence: Nonverbal
Gesture / signals
Degree of movement
Appearance and
clothing
Head /
neck
Body language
Eye Contact
Pitch
Fillers
Facial Actions
Paralanguage
Distancing
Touch / contact
Volume
Tone
Feet and legs
Posture
Smiling
Emotion
Non-verbal
Communication
Speed
Hands and arms
Rhythm
Proximity
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Facial Expression
Management of
space
Personal Space
Functional Competence
Presenting
Negotiating
Telephoning and conference calling
Socialising and networking
Chairing and participating in meetings
Interviewing
Coaching and mentoring
Writing e-mails, reports, proposals and so on
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Non-Linguistic Competence: Other
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ParaLinguistic Competence
Imagine you are on a telephone call; you have no visual clues; you can only focus on the
verbal and the vocal.
Think about all the different ways you could say “hello”.
How could you alter your voice to sound …
… bored?
… stressed?
… friendly?
… hurried?
… angry?
… sexy?
… scared?
Now, try saying this sentence with the emphasis in different places and consider the effect on
meaning:
(1) (2)
I
know
(3)
what
you
(4)
mean
about
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Ben
Intercultural Competence
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Personality and Culture - Variables
Objective
Direct
Big picture
Feelings
Task-focused
Long-term orientation
Teller
Competitive
Analysis
Polychronic
Introvert
Friendly
Active listener
Emotional
High protocol or ritual
Peach
High power distance
Risk-tolerant
Subjective
Indirect
Details
Facts
Person-focused
Short-term orientation
Asker
Cooperative
Action
Monochronic
Extrovert
Aggressive
Silent listener
Detached
Low protocol and ritual
Coconut
Low power distance
Risk-averse
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Intercultural Variables
There are many but ones which affect language use may include:
Levels of directness, indirectness and diplomacy
How instructions are given
How power is handled
Balance of relationships and tasks
Links between private life and work life
Arrangement of information
Attitude to conflict
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Intercultural Competence - Directness
What are the characteristics of direct or indirect speaking?
Direct
Specific to general
Clear receiver / target
Direct channel
Shorter message
Statements / telling
“Push” influencing
Less time taken
Adjectives
Fewer modal verbs
Less hedging / caution
Less thought about words
May be less diplomatic
Straight “no”
Indirect
General to specific
Blurred receiver (maybe to a group)
Channel may be through intermediary
Longer message
Questions / asking
“Pull” influencing
More time taken
Negative opposites of adjectives
More modal verbs
More hedging / caution
More thought given to choice of words
May be more diplomatic
“No” may be avoided, softened
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Language to Lead
Besides their own specific needs, some key general areas to meet the needs of
those managing and leading in English can be:
- Language for managing time and delegating in a way suitable for the
situation and the personalities and cultures involved
- Giving clear instructions and setting objectives in a suitable format
- Articulating a vision
- Talking about and representing the company, brand or team.
- Giving briefings and leading meetings
- Explaining decisions
- Providing feedback
- Adjusting language for different situation such as crises
- Language, tools and strategies for creative problem-solving and decisionmaking in English, including explaining and justifying decisions which have
been made, gathering support for the decisions, answering questions and
overcoming objections and influencing in a positive way.
- Coaching
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Interpersonal Competence
This relates to a sub-division of the soft skills and how a
personal can …
… influence through positive communication (push-pull)
… handle conflict
… build trust
… engage in listening that is active, empathic and facilitative
… make decisions, get support and overcome objections
… give and receive feedback
…build rapport and relationships
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Conclusions
context
Action, attitude,
needs,
expectations and
behaviour
culture
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person
Contact
Ben Dobbs
E-mail
[email protected]
Website
www.bd-comms.eu
Twitter
@BDComms
Got follow-up questions?
Grab a business card!
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