Transcript Negotiation of Meanings

Negotiation of Meanings:
Towards Discourse Competence
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Communicative Competence
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Communicative competence is
discourse competence
Discourse is communication
Communication is an act of
creating text (conversation,
monologue, essay)
To create a text one has to
negotiate meanings
Text
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is a semantic unit
is meaningful
makes sense
occurs in context of situation
Occurs in context of culture
Negotiation
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Negotiating means responding.
The responding act can be done
interpersonally and logico-semantically.
These lie at the heart of communicative
competence
These are the focus of language education.
Negotiating Interpersonally
Tamara
Subject
MOOD
A:
B:
C:
D:
E:
F:
is
Finite
beautiful.
RESIDUE
Tamara is beautiful.
No, she is not.
Is she?
Well, she may be beautiful.
She could be. People say so.
She must be.
Negotiating Interpersonally
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
Somebody broke my
ruler
I didn’t do it.
Who did?
Somebody did.
May be Sam
Negotiating Logico-semantically
What
My name
is
your name?
is
Sekar.
Old and New Information
Once upon a time, there was a little girl called Goldilocks.
She was beautiful and very brave.
Near her house, there was a jungle.
In the jungle, there lived the Bear family: Papa bear, Mama
Bear and Baby Bear.
Communicating
Spoken
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Transactional conv.
Interpersonal conv.
Short functional texts
Monologues
Written
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Short functional texts
Essays of different
genres
Genre
Communicative
purpose
 Text structure
 Linguistic Features
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Developing Competence?
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Developing negotiating skills
Raising awareness of genres (purpose)
Making students speak and write with sense
of audience (make audience understand what
they mean)