Transcript Computer-Mediated Communication

Computer-Mediated
Communication /
Computercommunicatie A
Master IK, CIW, MMI
L.M. Bosveld-de Smet
Hoorcollege 1; ma. 4 sept. 2006; 16.00-18.00
Two new areas of study
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Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC)
Definitions
Application areas
Relations
Human Computer Interaction:
definitions
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A discipline concerned with the design, evaluation, and
implementation of interactive computing systems for
human use and with the study of major phenomena
surrounding them (ACM SIGCHI, 2002)
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The study of the relationships which exist between
human users and the computer systems they use in
the performance of their various tasks (Faulkner, 1998)
Human Computer Interaction:
definitions
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The study and practice of usability (Carroll, 2001)
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A science and an art: scientific foundation of HCI vs. HCI
applications: usability engineering (Shneiderman, 2002)
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There is no such thing as HCI; there is only HHI (Hatton)
HCI: years 60/70
Software engineering
Software psychology
HCI
Cognitive science
Computer graphics
HCI: years 90 and later
User interface software and tools
Usability engineering
HCI
Groupware and cooperative activity
Media and information
HCI concerns
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“Will computers ever become easy to use?”
Jef Raskin in Communications of the ACM, 1997
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“Credit for computer crashes?”
Ben Shneiderman in ACM Ubiquity, 2000
“Every time your machine crashes, you should get a dollar from the
supplier, and every time you get a dialog box you don’t
understand, you should get a nickel.”
CMC: definitions
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A relatively new but rapidly growing form of interaction
(Lee & Nass, 2002)
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The process by which people create, exchange, and
perceive information using computer systems that
facilitate encoding, transmitting, and decoding messages
(December, 2003)
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The communication that takes place between people via
the computer (Herring, 1996)
CMC: at its broadest, at its smallest
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At its broadest CMC can encompass virtually
all computer uses (Santoro, 1995)
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In general, the term CMC refers to both taskrelated and interpersonal communication
conducted by computer. This includes
communication both to and through a
personal or mainframe computer.(Ferris,
1997)
CMC: application areas
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Computer conferencing
Electronic mail
News groups
Listservs
Discussion forums
Internet Relay Chat
Computer-assisted instruction
CMC: promises?
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Communication
Social interaction
Exchange of information
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Opportunities and limitations.
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CMC: benefits over F2F meetings
(Sproull & Kiesler , 1986)
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Equal participation
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Greater diversity in brainstorming
CMC: reduced social cues
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Due to often only text-based interaction
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Consequence: deregulated interpersonal
behavior:
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Flaming
Detachment
Decision aversion
CMC: Media Richness Theory
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Media have different abilities to reduce
ambiguity and uncertainty. People will most
likely choose the medium that reduces these
elements the most.
CMC: ambiguity/uncertainty scale
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Low
ambiguity/uncertainty
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High
ambiguity/uncertainty
Face to face
Video conferencing
Telephone
Instant messaging
Letter
E-mail
What do you do when?
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Write a letter
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Send an e-mail message
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Send a SMS message
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Use the phone
HCI and CMC: differences
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HCI: victim – controller interaction
CMC: victim – victim interaction
Social interpersonal interaction
Neutral task-related interaction
CMC: specific topics
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Interaction and interaction styles
User interface design
Usability evaluation methods
Groupware
Visual communication: Information
visualization; Diagrams and diagrammatic
reasoning
Goals of the course
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Get acquainted with some interesting topics in
HCI and CMC
Get more insight into the problem of usability in
various contexts. How to achieve a system that
qualifies as:
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Useful
Usable
Used
Critical thinking about approaches and
propositions provided in the literature
CMC: het vak praktisch gezien
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15 weken: 1-7 en 9-15
10 ECTS (280 uur) (18,67 uur p.w.)
Hoor/werkcollege: 2 uur p.w. (toelichting bij,
discussie n.a.v. literatuur)
Practicum: 2 uur p.w. ((programmeer)opdrachten
(VB))
Toetsing: referaat/opdrachten (1/2) + eindtentamen
(1/2)
Literatuur: hoofdstukken uit diverse boeken,
artikelen, reader