Transcript PEOPLE’S MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION RIGHTS IN …

PEOPLE’S MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION RIGHTS
IN INDONESIA AND THE PHILIPPINES
Ubonrat Siriyuvasak
30 July 2013
people's media
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People’s Media and
Communication Rights
Some names
people’s media
alternative
media
citizens’ media
radical media
medias libres
participatory
media
community media
grassroots media
people's media
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People’s Media
Characteristics
Activities
small
independent
non-commercial
non-profit
media activism
radicalism
underground
alternative media
activities
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Citizens’ Media
Citizens’ media articulates the metamorphic
transformation of alternative media
participants (community media or alternative
media) into active citizens.
Citizens’ media is a concept that accounts for
the processes of empowerment, conscientization, and fragmentation of power.
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Citizens’ Media
Men, women, and youth gain access to and
re-claim their own media. As they use
media to re-constitute their own cultural
codes to name the world in their own terms.
Citizens’ media participants disrupt power
relationships, exercise their own agency,
and re-constitute their own lives, futures, and
cultures (Rodriguez 2004, 18).
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People’s Media
To struggle for the right to speak
To gain freedom of association, idea and
expression
To resist and criticize
To oppose state terror, injustice and
oppression
To be heard and understood by the
public and by the ‘established power’
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Communication Rights
Bill of Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
Article 19
national constitution
People’s Communication Charter
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People’s Communication Charter
The People’s Communication Charter
called for a shift of the concept of
communication and media in which
communication contribute to the
‘empowerment’ of people and the
improvement of the communication
environment
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People’s Media Organization
Who are they ?
Media Democratization Activist
The mission (locally and globally)
To achieve a more democratic media
culture
To strive for democratic media structure
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Media Democratization Activism (1)
influencing content
mainstream media
and
practices
of
advocating for reform of government
policy/regulation of media in order to
change the very structure of media
institutions
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Media Democratization Activism (2)
building independent, democratic and
participatory media to give voice to the
marginalized
changing the relationship between
audiences and media, chiefly by
empowering audiences to be more
critical of hegemonic media
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Indonesia
From political press to commercial press
during Soeharto’s ‘new order’ (1966-1998)
‘neutralized’ and ‘depoliticized’
institutionalized into the modernization scheme
centralization to Java
publishing license, Surat Ijin Usaha Penerbitan
Pers (SIUPP) or Press Publication Enterprise Permit
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Press resistance in Soeharto’s
‘New Order’
1994 >
journalist union–Aliansi Jurnalis
Independen (AJI) or the Alliance of
Independent Journalist
Institut Studi Arus Informasi (ISAI) or the
Institute of the Studies of Free Flow of
Information
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Underground press
Independen (Independent) > Suara
Independen (Voice of Independence),
Xpos (Expose)
AJI News (on the internet)
Siar (Broadcast)
TNI Watch (Army Watch)
‘Apakabar’ (on the internet)
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Reformasi and People’s Media
1998 >
New press freedom after ‘May Tragedy’
1998
legal reform
New Press Law (1999)
New Broadcasting Law (2002)
Ministry of Information abolished
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Community Radio (1)
‘Angkringan Radio’ and ‘Angkringan Newsletter’
(Yogyakarta)
Angkringan means a small food and drink stall,
the popular road side café, for the community.
It is an open forum where information exchange
and communication take place
Angkringan : monitor local government
Angkringan : new channel of independent and
participatory communication for Timbulharjo
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Community Radio (2)
Radio Cibangkong (Bandung)
Mobilizing Cibangkong villagers against
corporate encroachment
Creating a forum for ‘citizen solidarity’
‘peace building’ between youth groups
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Community Radio (3)
Balai Budaya Minomartani or Encounter
Radio (Sleman)
Cultural forum and community identity
empowerment and socio-cultural
integration between religious and ethnic
groups
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Radio News Network
Radio News Agency 68H > 68H
Radio
‘Independen, Bisa Dipercaya’ or
‘independent and trustworthy’
Networking news to 400 stations in
Indonesia
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Neighbourhood Internet Network
Community-based internet network using
wireless internet technology
Creating a a broad bottom-up internet
infrastructure
Creating consciousness on communication
right through the process of self-learning
technology
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The Philippines
Nationalist Movement (19th century)
The Propaganda Movement
‘La Solidaridad’
Jose Rizal’s novels
Noli Me Tangere
El Filibusterismo
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Alternative press and
popular opposition
Ferdinand Marcos and Martial Law
(1972)
Strict censorship
‘independent press’ transformed into
‘crony press’
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Mosquito Press vs Crony Press (1983 >)
Mosquito press
Malaya and We Forum (Burgos)
Philippine Collegian (UP)
Business Day
Radio Veritas (Cardinal Sin, Philippine
Catholic Church)
Mr. & Ms. Special Edition > Weekly Inquirer
(Jimenez-Magsanoc)
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The EDSA Revolution (1986)
Radio Veritas mobilizing the masses
against Marcos
Channel 4 and 9 were used by Marcos to
counter Radio Veritas
alternative radio and newspapers keep
demonstrators informed and mobilize
people to participate in the People Power
movement
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EDSA 2 (2001)
Multi-media People’s Revolt
Networking of ‘virtual citizens’
(locally and globally)
Texting / SMS
The internet
Mass media
(mobile phone)
(internet)
(mainstream television, radio)
4-day protests
1-5 millions demonstrators at EDSA & nation wide
1.16 billion text messages across the network
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EDSA 1 – EDSA 2
EDSA 1
EDSA 2
politician & church
organising the
public
Public organising
different groups of
people from
different social
backgrounds and
political shades
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EDSA 2 & Democratisation of
communication network
Personal and private communication networks were transformed into
citizen networks and eventually
connected to the larger public and
politically
active
networks
of
communication and action such as
KOMPIL and BAYAN
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Access to Public Information and
Investigative Journalism
Investigative Reporting
use of public record
extensive interview
in-depth and long-term research
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Philippine Center for Investigative
Journalism (PCIJ) – 1989
PCIJ information distribution network
http://www.pcij.org
‘i-site’ section
i magazine
Limited number of mainstream media
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PCIJ and EDSA 2
Sheila Coronel, PCIJ Executive Director
and 2003 Magsaysay Laureate
“by constantly digging for information, by
forcing government and the private
sector to release documents, and by
subjecting officials and other powerful
individuals
to
rigorous
questioning,
investigative journalists expand the
boundaries of what is possible to print or
air.”
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People’s Media Activism
PCIJ’s investigative reports on
President’s Estrada unexplained
wealth
Media report and television live
coverage of the impeachment trial
Multi-media networking of
information and communication
bring about citizen empowerment
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Democratization of Media Structure (1)
People networking, speaking and
participating through old and new
means of information technologies
Communication which is relevant and
dialogic and horizontal in nature
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Democratization of Media Structure (2)
restructuring the political economy
of communications infrastructure
and cultural environment
People being conscientized and
empowered as active citizen
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