Transcript China
CHINA HOMEWORK 12/16 & 12/17 Please define the following words using a dictionary, textbook glossary, or online resource. Do not use the word you are defining in the definition and do not type your homework! 1. Dynasty 2. Mandate of Heaven 3. Feudalism 4. Bureaucrat 5. Philosophy PRE-TEST (12/16 &12/17) 1. What comes to mind when you think of China? 2. Where is China? (Continent + major natural boundaries) 3. About what percentage of the land in China is suitable for farming? 4. Why was the Great Wall of China built? 5. Name two ancient Chinese inventions still in use today. PRE-TEST (12/16 &12/17) What is a dynasty? A. A small, crude explosive device invented in China circa 1100 BCE B. A succession of rulers from the same family or line C. A large cafeteria or dinning hall in the center of a Chinese village D. A particularly gruesome or nasty way to die What is a “Mandate of Heaven”? A. The belief that everyone must go to heaven B. When two or more men enjoy a day of beer and sports without their wives C. The belief that rulers are divinely selected D. The set of Chinese rules that determine whether or not one can enter heaven What was the principle river of the civilization of ancient China? A. Huang He River B. Xi Jiang River C. Tsingtao River D. Monongahela River BELL RINGER 12/18 & 12/19) Describe the steps or stages of the Dynastic Cycle of China What role did the Mandate of Heaven play into the dynastic cycle? HOMEWORK 12/18 & 12/19 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Please define the following words using a dictionary, textbook glossary, or online resource. Do not use the word you are defining in the definition and do not type your homework! Confucianism Filial (or Filial Piety) Daoism (may be spelled Taoism) Silk Road Tribute BELL RINGER 1/6 & 1/7 What did you do over winter break? Don’t just tell me “nothing,” be specific! Details, details! i.e. is “nothing” sitting in the dark talking to yourself? Is it eating Cheetos and drinking Cherry Dr. Pepper while watching a marathon of Scrubs? Illegally downloading music and googling lolcats? BELL RINGER 1/9 & 1/10 What did the script (written language) of the Mesopotamians, Ancient Egyptians, the Harappan, and the Chinese all have in common? What was the form of writing in Mesopotamia called? What was the form of writing in Ancient Egypt called? Does language stay constant (the same) or change over time? BELL RINGER 1/13 & 1/14 What do we know about Buddhism? What do we know about Confucianism? What do we know about Daoism? In what ways are they all similar? In what ways are they all different? GEOGRAPHY Located in Asia Mountains and deserts cover about 2/3 of China’s landmass 10% of land is suitable for farming Natural boundaries: Pacific Ocean, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea, Himalayan Mountains, Taklimakan Desert and Gobi Desert WESTERN VS. EASTERN CHINA Mostly desert Arid climate Thinly populated Rich in petroleum and natural gas The land between the Chang Jiang or Yangtze River and Huang He or Yellow River is called the North China Plain AKA “China’s Heartland” Densely populated YELLOW RIVER VALLEY The Huang He River (Yellow River) “Cradle of Chinese Civilization” “China’s Sorrow” Loess (a windblown sediment) is deposited into the river, causing the yellow color and high silt content 6th (or 7th, depending on how you measure) longest river in the world COLORING OF THE YELLOW RIVER XIAOLANGDI DAM DYNASTIC CYCLE China has been historically led by dynasties, or a succession of rulers from the same family Cycle (see graphic) Power is claimed to come from a divine source: Mandate of Heaven Centralized CHINESE DYNASTY SONG TUNE ---- FRÈRE JACQUES / ARE YOU SLEEPING ) Shang Zhou (“Joe”) Qin (“chin”) Han (Repeat) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJis9TSw1rE Harvard Professors teach us a nursery rhyme Sui (“sway” without “w”) Tang Song (Repeat) Yuan Ming Qing (“ching”) Republic (Repeat) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NIC4zom3w0g Vogue-History Teachers Mao Zedong ---------People’s Republic of China / Communist China (Repeat) XIA DYNASTY “First” Dynasty of China c. 3000 BCE - c. 2000s BCE The Xia dynasty was the first to irrigate, produce cast bronze and a strong army. King Yu was selected as leader because of his brilliant engineering & mathematics skills, first to tame Huang He King Yu was the first king to have his son follow him instead of a man chosen by his virtue. This made the Xia the first Chinese dynasty. SHANG DYNASTY c.1600 BCE - 1027 BCE First written record of dynasty Earliest glazed pottery, advanced bronze work and jade carving 365 1/4 days calendar year First appearance of Chinese script Oracle bones-questions etched on bone, then stabbed with a hot poker Archaeologist have found palace foundations, burials, and rammed earth fortifications. Capital city at Anyang ZHOU DYNASTY 1027 BCE – 256 BCE Overthrows Shang in 1027 BCE claiming last Shang ruler lost the Mandate of Heaven Kept many Shang cultural practices Establish feudalism Period of Warring States 476 BCE – (221 BCE when Qin Dynasty emerges) Moved capital to Luoyang King/Emperor owns land>Grants nobles use of land>nobles owe loyalty and military service>peasants on land serve nobles Over time as villages>towns>cities, land holding nobles grow stronger Zhou introduce coin money, blast furnace iron, and build roads and canals QIN DYNASTY 221 BCE to 207 BCE Qin Shi Huang declares himself “First Sovereign Emperor” Military conquest and unification of warring states Took land from nobles, assigned jobs, burned books Legalism People are bad, law is necessary Rule of Law Spy networks Public works Bureaucracy Standardized weights, measures, money, writing Great Wall of China Terracotta army He dies, son murdered, incompetent ruler, peasant revolt HAN DYNASTY 206 BCE – 220 CE Liu Bang Peasant birth, led rebellion Merit system promotion Confucianism Silk Road “Han” becomes a name for someone who is Chinese Replace what was destroyed under Qin Arts flourish “PERIOD OF DISUNITY” 220 CE – 589 CE After Han, warfare and instability rule China China breaks up into smaller kingdoms AKA the “Six Dynasties” Despite political troubles, arts again flourish in China Poetry Buddhism SUI DYNASTY 581 CE – 618 CE Grand Canal Over 1100 miles long Military campaigns 605 CE first gov’t exams TANG DYNASTY 618 CE – 907 CE Empress Wu Zetian (r. 690-705 CE) Concubine of Tang Emperor, marries his son after his death Only empress of China to rule in her own right “Golden Age” Poetry, painting, music, dancing Capital Chang'an, est. pop. 1,000,000 SONG DYNASTY 960 CE – 1279 CE Technological highlights Gunpowder Compass Paper money Government exams for bureaucrats Population growth SILK ROAD Ancient trade route linking China to the Mediterranean Evidence of Chinese silk in Egypt c. 1070 BCE Han Dynasty, Persians, Greeks, Romans, and Mongols aid development Transport silk, trade goods, ideas, and disease Crash course in World History: http://www.youtu be.com/watch?v =vfe-eNqQyg&safe=active CONFUCIANISM K’ung-fu-tzu or Confucius (551 BCE – 479 BCE) Born into a poor family of higher class Well educated, becomes teacher and bureaucrat Stresses family relationships, ancestor worship, harmony & balance, respect for others, avoiding extremes and perfecting society Ethics/Morals rather than religion Reinforces individual roles in society; everyone had their place (positive and negative) DAOISM (TAOISM) Laozi (Lao Tzu) circa 500 BCE (sometime during the Zhou Dynasty) Tao Te Ching principle text “The Way” or “The Path” Wu wei or non-action/non-doing without effort Emptiness Think water! Think of a container! Desires are bad Good vs. bad, ugly vs. beautiful; distinctions lead to desires Con. (2) 1 1 Bud. (2) 2 Dao. (2) 1 Discovery Education- China: From Past to Present: Geography, Traditional Religions, and Beliefs (Film Resource) CURRENT EVENTS: YELLOW RIVER http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/05/ china/yellow-river/larmer-text/1#\ CURRENT EVENTS: DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. Please answer the following questions based of the information from Brook Lamar’s article “Bitter Water: Can China the Yellow-China’s Mother River?” Five “W”’s & 1 “H”: Who, What, Where, When, Why, How? What did you find to be the most interesting facts or events in this article? What, if anything, surprised you? What is the significance? Why should we care? How can this affect the future? How does this relate to your life? CHINESE CALLIGRAPHY Chinese characters, like all other languages changed over time Five Principles of calligraphy Balance, Control Posture, Knowledge of Tools, Rhythm, and http://file.tumbnart.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/11/chinese%20symbol %20tattoos%20art.jpg BELL RINGER 1/15 & 1/16 Please evaluate the following primary source document: “Words of truth are not pleasing. Pleasing words are not truthful. The wise one does not argue. He who argues is not wise. A wise man of Tao knows the subtle truth, And may not be learned. A learned person is knowledgeable but may not know the subtle truth of Tao A saint does not possess and accumulate surplus for personal desire. The more he helps others, the richer his life becomes. The more he gives to others, the more he gets in return. The Tao of Nature benefits and does not harm. The Way of a saint is to act naturally without contention.” Who is the probable author of this text? What philosophy does this best fit with, Buddhism, Confucianism, or Daoism? Why? What does this mean to you? BELL RINGER 1/17 & 1/23 Please evaluate the following primary source document: "The superior man in everything considers righteousness to be essential. He performs it according to the rules of propriety. He brings it forth in humility. He completes it with sincerity. This is indeed a superior man. The superior man is distressed by his want of ability. He is not distressed by men's not knowing him. The superior man dislikes the thought of his name not being mentioned after his death. What the superior man seeks, is in himself. What the mean man seeks, is in others. The superior man is dignified, but does not wrangle. He is sociable, but not a partisan. The superior man does not promote a man simply on account of his words, nor does he put aside good words because of the man.“ Who is the probable author of this text? What philosophy does this best fit with, Buddhism, Confucianism, or Daoism? Why? What does this mean to you? PDF RESOURCES Analects full text: http://www.indiana.edu/~p374/Analects_of_Con fucius_(Eno-2012).pdf Tao Te Ching full text: http://www.with.org/tao_te_ching_en.pdf ENGINEERING AN EMPIRE: CHINA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I9evCYVir5k &safe=active