Transcript Powerpoint

Mr. Hauger’s Classes
ANCIENT
CHINA!
Geography affects civilization
• Mountains & Seas separated China from
other lands, so they knew little of the rest of
the world
* Where did Chinese
civilization begin?
* Where do MOST people in
China live today?
• China’s earliest civilization began along its rivers!
• Each spring, rivers overflowed, depositing rich soil by
the river valleys- Civilization began on the Huang
(Yellow) River and spread south to the Chang,
(Yangtze) the longest river
Sea level along the
coasts, but the
further west you
travel, the higher
the elevation and
the harder it is to
farm!
Objectives
• Examine the geography of ancient China
• Find out about early civilizations in China.
• Learn about the importance of family ties in
early Chinese society.
Monsoon
Seasonal winds that bring dry and wet seasons.
In Northern China - Monsoon
winds bring a brief, but
intense summer rainy season.
The rest of the year it is
mostly dry.
In Southern China - Monsoon
winds from the South China
Sea bring heavy rains from
March to September. Light
rains fall the rest of the year.
Huang River
(Yellow River/
China’s Sorrow)
China’s first civilization
began along this river. It is
the second longest river in
China & muddiest river in
the world.
Yellow River- called this
because of the yellowbrown soil in its waters.
China’s Sorrow-called this because destructive
floods killed many and ruined lands.
Loess
It is yellow-brown soil that is very
fertile.
(Loess Plateau in China)
Objective
• Learn about the importance of family ties in
early Chinese society.
• Define Dynasty and explain how the
dynastic cycle in China worked
Family/ Extended
Family
Family was the center of
early Chinese society:
a.) Considered more important than the
individual or nation.
b.)A person’s first responsibility was to
the family.
c.) It was the source of each person’s
well-being.
Chinese households might
contain 5 generations living
together at one time.
(Uncles, aunts, cousins, grandparents, sisters,
brothers, etc.)=EXTENDED FAMILY
Oldest Chinese
Male
He was the center of authority
in the family:
•Had the most privileges and the
most power in the family.
•Would decide who his children
and grandchildren would marry.
• Punished disrespectful children.
If oldest male died, his
lands were divided among
the sons who would start
their own household.
Chinese Women
Considered to be of lower status
than men
Bound to three obediences…
1.) to obey their fathers in youth
2.) to obey their husbands in marriage
3.)to obey their sons in widowhood
(if their husband dies)
Four virtues guided women’s behavior…
1.) morality
3.) proper speech
2.) modesty
4.) domestic skills
Family Names
In Chinese society, the family
name comes first...
Ex.) George Washington
would be Washington George
in China)
What would your
name be if you
lived in China?
THIS SHOWS HOW
IMPORTANT THE
FAMILY WAS IN CHINA!
This tradition dates back to
China’s earliest times.
Dynastic Cycle
Dynasty= Ruling
Family
Dynastic Cycle= Rise
and fall of different
Chinese Dynasties
Learn the Chinese Dynasty Song!
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Xia, Shang Zhou
Qin, Han, Sui,
Chinese Dynasty, Chinese Dynasty,
Then came the Golden Age, Tang & Song,
‘Til Mongols showed up with Kubilai Kahn,
On horses Yuan came and took o’er the land,
‘Til Ming and Ching,
Ming and Ching.
XIA DYNASTY
• A “legendary
dynasty,” there is little
evidence of its
existence
• Developed in the
Huang Valley around
5,000 BC
• The Xia were likely
nomads who wandered
from place to place,
hunting and gathering.
Mandate of
Heaven
•A Chinese BELIEF that
rulers came to power because
it was their destiny, or fate.
•This Mandate supported a
leader’s right to rule his
people.
•It also gave a father authority
over his family.
Shang Dynasty
The first RECORDED civilization
in China beginning around
1760B.C.
Accomplishments of the
Shang:
1) built the first cities. (walled
cities were built for kings and warriors)
2) Produced bronze
work-(tin + copper =
bronze)
3) Made the first Chinese
writing system
Read the play about the Shang Dynasty to find out more!
Shang Dynasty
1) Why was King Jie of the Xia dynasty
overthrown?
He was a corrupt tyrant; the Chinese
believed that Heaven chose leaders to rule
them (mandate/law of Heaven), and if a
leader became corrupt, he must’ve lost
Heaven’s approval
2) Were the Shang people monotheistic or
polytheistic? How do you know?
They are polytheistic (believe in many gods);
they worshipped all of their ancestors
5.1- Geography
Ancient China
of
Shang Dynasty
3) What kinds of materials did the Shang use
to write on?
Silk, Bamboo, Bronze, & Oracle bones (read
by diviners who communicated with
ancestors; they believed their ancestors
would give them the answers)
4) Soong states that many valuable articles
will be buried with Fu Hou. What does this tell
us about the beliefs of the Shang?
They believed in an afterlife- buried their
dead with possessions, weapons, animals, and
even live people (human sacrifices) so they
could accompany them in the afterlife!
5.1- Geography
Ancient China
of
Shang Dynasty
• Arose around 1760 BC
• Invented Bronze
• Created the first writing
system
• Polytheistic, but highest
god was Shang Di
• Used Oracle Bones to help
predict the future
• Believed in an afterlife
where you could take your
possessions with you
Losing the “Mandate of Heaven”
• The last Shang king committed suicide when he
was defeated by the Zhou people; it was believed
that the Shang had lost the Mandate of Heaven
and the Zhou had gained it!
Zhou Dynasty
• Lived in the Wei
Valley (West of the
Shang) and
conquered them in
1122 BC
• Believed in Tian
(Heaven)
• Believed Tian
granted rulers the
Mandate of Heaven
What was at the center of
early Chinese societyconsidered to be more
important than the
individual OR the
nation?!?!