Transcript China Reunites - SCHOOLinSITES

China Reunites
Chapter 12, Section 1, page 408
Rebuilding China’s Empire – page 409
Rebuilding China’s Empire – page 409
• Han Dynasty ended A.D. 220
• about 300 years of warlords
• Sui Dynasty – reunited China under one
emperor in A.D. 581
– Wendi general and emperor who founded the Sui
Dynasty
– Yangdi – Grand Canal → helped economy – an
organized way in which people produce sell and buy
things (rebellion)
The Tang Dynasty – page 411
• Tang Dynasty – in power
from A.D. 618 to A.D. 907
– “period of brilliance”
– Changan – capital
– heavy reforms – civil
service exams, land
reforms
– Empress Wu – the only
woman in Chinese history
to rule a country on her
own
The Song Dynasty – page 411
• Song Dynasty – ruled from A.D. 960 to A.D. 1279
– great period of cultural achievement and prosperity
– Reformed civil service examination
The Song Dynasty – page 411
Buddhism Spreads to China – page 413
• harsh times → people looking for relief from
suffering
• Buddhism takes root with Tang support
• Later, the Tang returned to ideas of Confucius to
reduce the popularity of Buddhism in China.
– connections to the family (Buddhist monks not
allowed to marry)
New Confucian Ideas – page 414
• neo-Confucianism
– this life just as important as the next
– criticized Buddhism but actually picked up some
Buddhist and Daoist beliefs
– crosses the line between an ethical belief system and a
religion
Scholar-Officials – page 414
• civil service exams = a bureaucracy based on a
merit system
– fair?
– Students preparing for civil service examinations in
China never did physical work.
– harsh study habits
Chinese Society
Chapter 12, Section 2, page 416
A Growing Economy – page 417
• Tang provided stability = advancement in agriculture
– farming improvements
• irrigation improvements
• improved kinds of rice
population boom
– roads and waterways = trade growth
– trade items
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silk
porcelain – a material made of of clay and baked at high temperatures
tea
paper
steel
New Inventions – page 418
• coal and steel
– iron + coal = steel (Tang dynasty)
– steel used in weapons, stoves, farming equipment,
drills, steel chains, nails, and sewing needles
• printing
– A.D. 600s – early attempts
– Pi Sheng – invented movable type for printing
• Diamond Sutra first printed book
Other Chinese Inventions – page 420
• gunpowder
– fire lance
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rudders
sails
compass
and much, much more
Art and Literature – page 420
• Chinese literature during the Tang dynasty often
celebrated nature.
– Li Bo popular poet during the Tang dynasty.
– Duo Fu – poet who wrote about the suffering of the
common people
• painting in the Song dynasty
– landscapes with open spaces
– portrayal of ideas
– calligraphy – art of writing characters beautifully
Chapter 12, Section 2 Questions
Write the following questions and them answer them.
1. What products were traded along the Silk Road?
2. What product helped the Chinese improve
weapons, farm equipment, and much more?
3. What did Tang poetry often focus on?
4. Which of the inventions mentioned in this chapter
do you think is most important? Why?
The Mongols in China
Chapter 12, Section 3, page 423
Objectives
After this lesson, students will be able to:
• describe how Genghis Khan built the Mongol
Empire, which stretched from the Pacific Ocean to
the Caspian Sea.
• discuss how the Mongols conquered China and
created a new dynasty that traded with the rest of
China.
The Mongols – page 424
• Mongols
– steppes – the wide rolling grassy plains found in
Asia
– nomadic herders of sheep, goats, cattle, horses
– tribes – groups of families loosely joined together
The Mongols – page 424
• The Mongols were
known for their ability to
ride horses and wage
war.
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harsh surroundings
nomadic lifestyle
tribal warfare
experts with the bow
Who Was Genghis Khan? – page 425
• Genghis Khan
– Temujin – rough childhood
– united Mongols and conquered
vast amounts of territory
– A.D. 1206 – named Genghis Khan
which means “strong ruler”
– military innovations
• leaders chosen for their abilities
• different way of waging war (terror –
violence meant to scare people into
surrendering)
– died 1227
The Mongol Empire – page 426
• The Mongol Empire was the largest continuous
land empire in history.
– empire divided among his four sons
– expansion continued
– Pax Mongolica
• spread of ideas
• trade – Silk Road revived
The Mongol Empire – page 426
Mongol Rule in China – page 428
• Kublai Khan
– grandson of Genghis Khan
– founded the Yuan dynasty (lasted
about 100 years) in China
– challenges
• Mongol language and laws different
• Chinese resentment of outside rule
(dominated by Mongol leaders)
– Marco Polo – famous European
traveler to China
The Ming Dynasty
Chapter 12, Section 4, page 430
Objectives
After this lesson, students should be able to:
• explain how Ming rulers strengthened China’s
government and established peace.
• describe how China sent fleets of ships to other
parts of Asia as well as to East Africa.
The Rise of the Ming – page 431
• Yuan dynasty declined
• Zhu Yuanzhang founded
the Ming dynasty
– took name Hong Wu
– cruel and distrustful
– son, Yong Le
• moved capital to Beijing
• had Forbidden City built
How Did the Ming Reform China? – page 432
• restored the civil service
exam
• census – a count of the
number of people; taken
to accurately collect
taxes
• reforestation
• paved roads
• rebuilt infrastructure
• advances in agriculture
Chinese Culture – page 432
• novels – long fictional stories
• drama
China Explores the World – page 433
• Zheng He – a voyager during
the Ming Dynasty
– traveled to India, Southwest Asia,
and as far as East Africa
– trade flourished
– Confucian conflicts → suspension of
travels and closing of China off from
the rest of the world
• one exception Portugal made contact
with China in 1514
– missionaries – Jesuits
– exchange of ideas – clocks, scientific
instruments, eyeglasses
Why Did the Ming Fall? – page
• corruption rampant
• Ming dynasty fell in 1644 to the Manchu dynasty