Transcript Volunteer Experiences

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China Rising
A Personal Perspective
From
Frank O’Hara
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Where I volunteered
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Volunteered in Xi’an 1999, 2001, 2003
5000 km wide
Comparison:
Halifax to Vancouver
6119 km
Dynasties
ANCIENT
Earliest c 2652-2000 BC
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Xia Kingdom 2000-1520 BC
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Shang Kingdom 1520-1027 BC
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Western Zhou 1027-771 BC
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Eastern Zhou 771-221 BC
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IMPERIAL
Qin Dynasty 221–206 BC
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Han Dynasty 206 BC–220 AD
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Western Han Xin Dynasty Eastern Han Three Kingdoms 220–280
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Wei, Shu & WuJin Dynasty 265–420
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Western Jin Eastern Jin16 Kingdoms 304–439
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Southern & Northern Dynasties 420–589
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Sui Dynasty 581–619
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Tang Dynasty 618–690
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Second Zhou 690–705
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Tang Dynasty 705–907 (resumed)
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5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms 907–960
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Liao Dynasty 907–1125
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Song Dynasty 960–1279
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Northern Song W. Xia Dyn. Southern Song Jin Dyn.Yuan Dynasty 1271–1368
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Ming Dynasty 1368–1644
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Qing Dynasty 1644–1911
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MODERN
Republic of China 1912–1949
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People's Republic of China 1949–present
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Early inventions
Before Common Era
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Common Era
Silk spinning - 2850
High temperature clay firing - 2nd millennium
Decimal place value - 13th century
Embroidery – 10th century
Mouth organ - 9th century
Fumigation - 7th century
Cast iron - 5th century
Cross bow - 5th century
Metal plough – 5th century
Acupuncture - 580
Kites - 4th century
Blast furnace - 3rd century
Maps, topographical - 3rd century
Anti-malarial drugs - 3rd century
Harness, horse breast - 250
Tea as a drink - 2nd century
Steel - 2nd century
Ball bearings - 2nd century
Wheel barrow - 30
Why did it
stop at 1500?
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Seawalls - 80
Axial rudder - 1st century
Paper - 105
Noodles - 100
Coal as fuel - 1st century
Abacus - 190
Stirrup - 300
Wheel barrow - 200
Fishing reel - 3rd century
Porcelain - 550
Suspension bridge - 6th century
Printing, wood blocks - 7th century
Stars, proper motion of - 725
Leeboards & Centreboards - 751
Grafting - 806
Printed book - 868
Chinese chess - 900
Coinage 9th century
Gunpowder – 9th century
Playing cards – 1000
Magnetic compass (navigation) - 1111
Small pox inoculation – 10th century
Paper money - 9th century
Pearls, artificial induction - 1086
Pasteurized wine - 1117
Printing, bronze type - 1403
Chinese explorations
…(please click)
• The Yuan dynasty, 1271-1368, commissioned a
navy and founded trading posts in Sumatra,
Ceylon, India, and later in Arabia and Africa
• In 1525 the emperor ordered the destruction of
the navy, on the basis that the Middle Kingdom
had everything it needed.
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sultan/explorers.html
10% annual GDP growth
How do they do it?
…(please click)
• Combination of autocracy & free enterprise
• Planning, not laissez-faire (pre-build infrastructure)
• Industrious, business-like (punctual) people
• A tradition of merit-based scholarship
• Government actively supports entrepreneurs
• Innovation
Development zones
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• Adjacent to the 17 largest cities
• 3 kinds at each city –
Hi-tech, Agriculture, Manufacturing
• Up-to-date facilities (e.g. broadband, foreign architects)
• Angel financing
• Training for budding entrepreneurs
• Secondary financing (launching the enterprise)
Development zone photo
Some facts
…(please click)
• China graduates @ 600,000 engineers annually versus USA 70,000
• 100,000 Chinese are studying abroad at their own expense,
(103 countries, primarily United States, Britain and Japan)
2,000/year sponsored by the Chinese government
• Annually 2,500 Chinese students earn their PhDs in the USA
• A Comparison:
U.S. National Debt $9.5 trillion and growing
Chinese reserves $1.3 trillion, also growing
• The One-child Policy
– Fully imposed on 35.9% of the population - city dwellers
– 52.9% (mostly rural) allowed 2nd child if first is female
– 11% (ethnic minorities) have no limit
– Enforced with fines and penalties (limited
advancement/schooling)
– Marriage age delayed (25 for women, 26 for men)
– Projected 30 million excess marriage-age men by 2020
More facts
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• GDP: $3.42 trillion
• GDP per capita: $2,631 (versus Canada’s $36,000)
• Poverty (defined as less than $1/day)
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declined from 64% to 10% over the past 25 years.
Famine of 1959, 60, 61 – as many as 30 million died
Approximately 5% of the population of @ 660 million
1976 Tangshan earthquake – of 1 million population
250,000 died
Only 14.86% of the land is arable
Yet more facts
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The world’s 3rd largest country
4 time zones but treated as one (Beijing)
Surpassed S. Africa as the world’s largest gold producer
Military service:
Two years selective compulsory 18-22 years of age
• 30 million people migrate to the cities each year
• Population 1.3 billion (20% of the world)
– 540 million in 1950; doubled by 1980s, when 1-child
policy instituted
– Stable fertility rate is 2.1 – actually only 1.7 for China
– Population expected to peak at 1.45 billion in 2030
before reducing to 1.28 billion by 2050
China’s population: 1950 to 2050
Male
China
1950 - 540 million
2050 – 1.28 billion
India
1950 - 357.5 million
2050 - 1.6 billion
Female
Something to ponder…
World’s population growth (millions)
1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 1999 2050 2150
791
978 1262 1650 2521 5978 8909 9746
3 Gorges Dam
• 12 times the power output of Niagara Falls
• Designed to provide 10% of China’s needs
• But increased demand – actually only 3%.
Concerns?
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Will China try to buy control of the West?
Will they control Greenhouse Gases?
Falun Gong
87,000 civil disturbances in 2005
Each week China opens 34 gas stations and puts
1000 more cars on the road
570 more coal plants to be added by 2012
Army – Active: 2,250,000, Reserve: 800,000
Canada:
$18 billion
Canadian advantages/opportunities
• Dr. Norman Bethune - a hero
• Dr. Macklin - 1st Western hospital, 1886
• 1970, Canada led the world to recognize China,
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2 years ahead of President Nixon's visit
Our secular society (with 1.5 million Chinese)
Our natural resources
Canadian investments (Bombardier, Nortel,
mining companies)
Wheat for famine victims 1959, 60, 61
Shanghai
Shangai
Frank
Ou Fulai
Fortune Comes
Marion
Lei Moli
Jasmine Blossom
Photos from the 2008 Olympics
A co-incidence!?
Buddha: @ 563-483 BC
Confucius: 551-479 BC
Socrates: 469-399 BC
Ou Fulai
Fortune Comes
The End
but not for China… only the beginning
For more on Frank O’Hara’s adventures go to www.ohara.com
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