Transcript Egypt

Egypt
Connor Stirling
Keith Durkin
Grabber
 Queen of Egypt, Cleopatra VII, was married to the great
emperor of the Roman Empire, Julius Caesar, but had an
affair with one of his close friends and commander in his
army, Mark Antony. Caesar later captured them both and they
committed suicide together. Mark Antony
Julius Caesar
Cleopatra VII
Thesis
 The location of Egypt, being between the Middle East and
Africa, made it a land that was passed through by many
various empires, and therefore was under the control of
many different rulers. The Nile and later, the Suez Canal,
made it a sought after area and contributed to its remarkably
diverse history, while still allowing the current population to
retain a proud Egyptian identity.
Overview
 Keith- Thesis
 Connor- Grabber/Finisher
 Connor- Ancient Egypt
 Keith- Greeks Rule
 Connor- Roman Rule
 Connor- Islamic Kingdom
 Connor- Ottoman
 Keith- British Rule
 Keith- Modern Egypt
 Keith- Conclusion
Location
Ancient Egypt
 Religion- practiced polytheism
 Polytheism- Belief in multiple Gods
 Fearful of Gods- offering ceremonies
 Strict religious beliefs- a need to please Gods
A gift to the Gods
Trading with other tribes
Ancient Egypt
 Trade: Exported- grain, linen, papyrus, and glass.
 Imported: gold, incense, timber, wild animals, ivory, tin, olive
oil and copper.
 Traded with neighboring tribes, Greece, around the
mediterranean
Ancient Egypt
 The Nile: Rich and fertile soil allowed for use of irrigation and
agriculture.
 Dependent upon the Nile’s cycle:
 Flooding (akhet), June- September, soil becomes rich with silt
 Planting (peret), October-February, irrigated with canals
 Harvesting (shemu), March- May, gather crops.
Hellenistic Greeks Rule
 Alexander the Great
 Conquered Egypt 332 BC
Roman Empire Rule
 Julius Ceaser
 117 AD at its peak
 Around 50 AD
Roman Rule
Islamic Kingdoms
 Also known as “Medieval Egypt”
 Invasion in 639 AD
Islamic Kingdom borders
Islamic Kingdoms
 Religions in Egypt
 Christianity from the Roman rule
 Spread of Islam and Muslim with Islamic Kingdoms and Ottoman
Spread of
Islam
Ottoman Empire
 1299- 1923
 Conquered Egypt in 1517
Ottoman
Empire
Ottoman Empire
 High success in there society due to “millets”
 Millets-major religious group that were allowed to establish their
own communities under Ottoman rule
Millets in
Ottoman
Empire
Ottoman Empire
 Major slave trade and use of slaves
 But because of the millets and groups ability for personal law
it gave them great success.
Slave trade in
northern Africa
British Takeover
 1860s- 1954
 The British had been ruling Egypt indirectly for years, and decided
that they were done with semi-controlling the country.
 The main reason that the British wanted Egypt was because of the
Suez Canal.
The use of the Suez Canal
A close-up of the Suez Canal
British Takeover
 Suez Canal- connects the Mediterranean to the Red Sea.
 Was built in a partnership between Egypt and France,
construction began April, 1859, ended November, 1869.
 1875, Egypt sold its share of the canal to Britain.
 This gave the British a greater determination to control the
canal.
British Takeover
 The British took the Suez canal after landing on both sides in
August, 1882.
 Shortly after, in September, the British officially took control of
Egypt after defeating their army in the Battle of Tel El Kebir.
A scene of
the battle of
Tel El Kebir
British Takeover
 Almost all of Egyptian exports went to Britain.
 1914- 90% of Egypt's exports were cotton.
Egyptian Cotton Plant
Independence from Britain
 The United Kingdom of Great Britain issued the Declaration
of Egyptian Independence on February 28, 1922.
 Although, British military presence in Egypt did not cease
until 1954.
The Egyptian Flag
Modern Egypt
 1954- Present day
 Following the 1952 Revolution that overthrew King Farouk, on June 18, 1953
Egypt was declared a Republic.
 Republic- A type of government in which the leader is not a monarch.
 General Muhammad Naguib was elected first President, but was later forced
to resign when Gamal Abdel Nasser, the true leader of the revolution was
selected to replace him.
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Modern Egypt
 Anwar El Sadat, acted as president from September, 1970, until he
was assassinated, in October of 1981.
 Sufi Abu Taleb, served as president for eight days, until Hosni
Mubarak was appointed president on October 14, 1981.
Anwar El Sadat
Sufi Abu Taleb
Protesters demand Mubarak’s Resignation
Modern Egypt
 Hosni Mubarak came to power on October 14, 1981 and has
recently been facing millions of protester in the 2011 Revolution
 In the Revolution, millions of protesters gathered and demanded the
resignation of Mubarak, the President refused.
 This showed protesters that he would basically resign when he was
good and ready.
Hosni Mubarak
Modern Egypt
 Hosni Mubarak officially resigned on February 11, 2011.
 The former President was tried for the premeditated deaths of
protesters in the 2011 Revolution.
 The trial began in December 2011, and ended in January of 2012.
Mubarak’s defense was that he never resigned as president, and
therefore had immunity.
 Mubarak was given surgery for what
thought to be esophageal cancer, but his
heart may have stopped during the
procedure.
Mubarak is taken to his trial on a stretcher
Modern Egypt
 Following Mubarak’s resignation, control of the country was
given to the Military. This makes Mohamed Hussein Tantawi
the current leader of Egypt.
Mohamed Hussein Tantawi
Conclusion
 Throughout its time, Egypt has been occupied by many
different rulers, including the Islamic Kingdoms, the Ottoman
Empire, the British, and even their own President. After years
of struggling for independence from the British, they received
their goal in 1922, recently overthrew their former leader
Hosni Mubarak, and are awaiting what will come next.
Quiz
 Who were the two men that Cleopatra VII had affairs with?
Quiz: Answer
 Mark Antony and Julius Caesar
Quiz
 What are the three seasons for the cycle of the Nile?
Quiz: Answer
 Flooding
 Planting
 Harvesting
Quiz
 What great kingdom conquered Egypt with Alexander the
Great?
Quiz: Answer
 Hellenistic Kingdom
Quiz
 What was the canal that connects the Mediterranean to the
Red Sea?
Quiz: Answer
 Suez Canal
Quiz
 Who was the President of Egypt that resigned in February of
2011?
Quiz: Answer
 Hosni Mubarak
Finisher
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdtgX9ORiW4
Bibliography
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medieval_Egypt
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt#Republic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tel_el-Kebir
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution