Transcript 9.4 The Impact of World War I

wrapping up
World War I
1918 Spanish Flu
• Influenza spread
throughout the world
from 1918-1919.
• This disease affected
25% of the U.S.
population.
• It killed about 500,000
Americans.
• It killed about 25-50
million people all over
the world.
14 Point Peace Plan
• President Wilson proposed his idea for peace called the
Fourteen Points.
• These were 14 ideas to improve the status of the world.
• His most famous point was the creation of a League of
Nations.
– Goal—resolve international issues before war
• This plan was used as propaganda before the war was up to
convince Germany to surrender.
• Pamphlets dropped behind enemy line.
• Germans believed that this plan would be the basis of a
peace compromise.
League of Nations
• Members agree to reduce weapons to a level
determined by immediate threats
• AGREE TO PROTECT EACH OTHER AGAINST
AGRESSION
• Colonies of the Central Powers would be
supervised by the League members
Peace Conference in Paris
• This conference was started in January 1919.
• It was held at the Palace of Versailles.
• The conference was ruled by the “Big Four” as they were
called.
1. Woodrow Wilson
United States
2. David Lloyd George Great
Britain
3. Georges Clemenceau
France
4. Vittorio Orlando
Italy
• France and England both wanted to PUNISH Germany…but
there were no German representatives at the conference.
• Russia was not invited…why not?
Bolshevik Revolution in Russia.
Communist USSR by 1922.
Treaty of Versailles
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This was the official treaty that ended the war.
It was signed by Germany on June 28th, 1919.
Germany accepted full responsibility for the war
The treaty did not allow Germany to have a big army.
No air force and no soldiers west of the Rhine
It also made Germany pay reparations that totaled $33
billion to allied nations.
• Meant to keep the German economy weak for a long time.
• This treaty fueled German hatred toward Europe and
would lead to WWII.
Signing in the Hall of Mirrors
German losses after WWI
Austria’s Losses After the War
Senate Rejects the Treaty
• Time to vote on the Treaty in the US Congress
• opposition argued that the League of Nations was an
“entangling alliance” that the Founders argued against
• The Senate refused to ratify the treaty.
• President Wilson traveled the country trying to gain
support.
• He gave 30 speeches in 3 weeks.
• He collapsed from exhaustion in Colorado and had a
massive stroke.
• When he left office in 1921, the U.S. still did not
recognize the Treaty of Versailles.
1920 1st Assembly of the L of N
USA was not there
U.S. after WWI
• Soldiers returned home as heroes however, there were
not many job opportunities.
• 2 million men back looking for work but the war
factories were shutting down…recession begins
• Strikes and riots were common due to the rise of
inflation.
– Seattle General Strike
– Boston Police Strike (Govenor Calvin Coolidge breaks it)
– The Steel Strike (350,000 steel workers)
• Racial tension increased.
• Terrorist bombings threatened to weaken our country.
Red Summer of 1919
• There were 25 riots that broke
out across our country.
• Whites came back to find
blacks had moved north and
taken their jobs (when blacks
lost jobs they blamed whites,
and vice versa)
• The worst violence occurred
in the Chicago race riot
Chicago Race Riot of 1919
• African American man crosses the “unwritten”
segregation line at a public beach
• Whites begin throwing rocks at him and he drowns
• Police called, no whites arrested, one black man is
arrested for minor offenses
• Word spreads of what happens, fights break out…
• The riot in Chicago lasted 2 weeks.
• 38 people died and 500 were injured.
• Membership in the NAACP immediately increased
after this was over.
“[We] only caught a ten-year-old Negro boy. [We] took his
clothes off, and burned them. [We] burned his tail with
lighted matches, made him step on lighted matches, urinated
on him, and sent him running off naked with a couple of slaps
in the face”
Detroit Race Riot
Tulsa Riots
Red Scare
• The riots of 1919 lead to a fear of a Communist
takeover (Red Scare).
• Communism became associated with hostility,
disloyalty, and treason.
• Many “home made bombs” were found in the mail
or detonated at buildings. Communists were
blamed.
• Attorney General Mitchell Palmer house was
damaged and he led the charge declaring the
country was experiencing a revolution (like Russia)
• The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was
created to find these communists.
Luigi Galleani –
use of violence to eliminate "tyrants" and "oppressors" and to
act as a catalyst to the overthrow of existing government
institutions.
1919
• In late April 1919, about 36 mail bombs were mailed to
a wide cross-section of prominent politicians (including
the Attorney General of the United States), justice
officials and financiers, including John D. Rockefeller.
• Did send enough postage and only 1 was
delivered…blew off the maid’s hands
• June 1919…eight bombs exploded in 8 American cities
within minutes of one another. Another 30 bombs
were intercepted through the US Mail.
• Killed none of the intended targets…just a night
watchmen, lady walking by a house, and one of the
bombers
• 9/11 was not the first terrorist attacks on the US
Attorney General Palmer’s House
Anarchists Bomb Wall Street New York
1920 – kills 40
Uncle Sam (to Labor Party Representative) "You did splendidly, my boy, for a first
attempt, but, for your own good and that of the country, get rid of that dangerous
companion [anarchy] of yours....