Transcript Health, Safety and Nutrition

©2009 Cengage Learning.
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Understanding Nutritional
Guidelines
 Dietary Guidelines for
Americans
 Build a healthy base
 Aim for Fitness
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MyPyramid
 My Pyramid Food Guidance System
 Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains and fat-free or
low-fat milk and milk products.
 Recommendations of the system are interrelated and head
the individual toward an increased intake of dietary fiber,
vitamins and minerals and other essential nutrients
 The system is divided into two levels
1) Individualized daily food intake recommendations and
2) Information to help individuals make better food choices.
Variety, proportionality, moderation and activity are the focus
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MyPyramid for Kids
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©2010 Cengage Learning.
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Understanding Nutritional
Guidelines
 MyPyramid
 Focus is on
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Grains
Vegetables
Fruits
Milk and milk products
Meat and beans
Minor focus on oils
No focus on cutting down on sugars
 U.S. Daily Reference Intake (DRI)
 Food Lab - Calories, fat, cholesterol, carbohydrates,
protein, Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, calcium
and iron
 Trans fats added in 2006
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Understanding Nutritional Guidelines
 Healthy People 2010-is a national health agenda that communicates a vision and
a strategy for improving the health of the Nation's population and achieving health equity.
Each decade since 1980, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has released a
comprehensive set of national public health objectives known as the Healthy People initiative
 Child and Adult Care Food Program-USDA’s Child and Adult
Care Food Program plays a vital role in improving the quality of day care and
making it more affordable for many low-income families. Each day, 3.3 million
children receive nutritious meals and snacks through CACFP. The program also
provides meals and snacks to 120,000 adults who receive care in nonresidential
adult day care centers. CACFP reaches even further to provide meals to children
residing in emergency shelters, and snacks and suppers to youths participating in
eligible afterschool care programs.
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Basic Macronutrients
 Energy Nutrients Provide calories
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Fats 9 grams
Proteins 4 grams
Carbohydrates 4 grams
 Macronutrients are needed
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To maintain life,
For growth
To regulate the body
To perform voluntary activities
 Carbohydrates
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First source of energy for the body
 Fats
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Second source of energy
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Basic Macronutrients
Types of Fats

Saturated  raises cholesterol
 found in animal fats
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Monounsaturated  is neutral
 found in olives, peanuts, nuts
and avocado
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Polyunsaturated  lowers
cholesterol  found in plants
and plant oils
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Trans fats
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Protein
 Third source of energy and will only be used as a source
if all supplies of fat and carbohydrates are used
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Basic Micronutrients
 Vitamins - assist energy nutrients and aid in
metabolism
 Fat Soluble
 Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K
 Water Soluble
 Vitamin B and Vitamin C
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Minerals
Help the metabolic process and regulate body fluids
Calcium
Phosphorus
Iron
Sodium
Magnesium
Potassium
Fluoride
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Basic Micronutrients
 Minerals
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Help the metabolic process and
regulate body fluids
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Calcium
Phosphorus
Iron
Sodium
Magnesium
Potassium
Fluoride
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Basic Micronutrients
 Water
 Necessary to sustain life
 70% of human body is water
 Water loss in body due to urination and evaporation
 Sources are most foods found in nature and water
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Reality Check: How is America Eating: Do We
Fulfill Our Nutritional Needs?
 How are we as a country doing on our eating habits?
How might we improve?
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Implications for Teachers
 Education
 For Families
 Role Modeling
 Cultural Competence
 Supervision
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Chapter Seven - Protecting Good Nutrition In
Early Childhood Education Environments
 Nutrition Policies for Preventing Risk
 Risks include:
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Hunger
Malnutrition
Obesity
Food allergies
Lack of physical exercise
Other nutritional challenges
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Dental caries, cardiovascular disease, iron
deficiency anemia
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Hunger, Food Insecurity, Malnutrition
and Misnutrition
 Hunger
 Food insecurity
 Malnutrition
 Misnutrition
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Childhood Obesity
 Most prevalent nutritional disease in children 18 years of age
and younger
 Measured by the Body Mass Index (BMI) compares weight to
height
 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classifies
children in the 95th percentile and higher as obese
 May be ethnically linked – higher ratio of obesity among:
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Hispanics
African American
Native Americans
 How can we improve these statistics?
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Using Physical Activity and Exercise as a
Part of Diet
 Time for physical activities and exercise is a necessary
part of creating nutritional policies
 Children have at least one hour of unstructured active play in a
day
 Toddlers should be provided with 30 minutes of structured
play everyday
 Preschoolers should have at least one hour of structured play
that allows for movement and physical activity
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Food Allergies
 Foods that commonly bring on allergies
 Milk, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, eggs, fish, soybeans,
shellfish
 The response to food allergies may be
 skin rashes
 difficulty breathing
 gastrointestinal difficulties
 Food intolerance is an abnormal response to a food
 Allergy to a food response is triggered from the immune
system and may cause serious medical condition or may be
life threatening
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Food Allergies
 Sixty-three percent of
teachers may have a child
with a food allergy in the
early childhood education
environment.
 Teacher should have a
Food Allergy Action Plan
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Other Nutritional Challenges
 Dental Caries (cavities)
 Foods high in carbohydrates and sugar promote formation of
cavities
 Fluoride most affective way of preventing cavities
 Brushing teeth after meals and not giving juice in bottles help in
prevention
 Teachers can make sure that the early childhood education
environment can provide foods that have
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Plenty of protein
Calcium
Vitamins
 Don’t use sugary foods
 Don’t allow “grazing”
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Other Nutritional Challenges
 Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension
 Too many calories, too much fat, too much cholesterol
 Can lead to development of coronary atherosclerosis or
heart disease
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Other Nutritional Challenges
 Iron Deficiency Anemia
 Most prevalent nutritional problem in children in US besides
obesity
 Children may have trouble concentrating, which may affect brain
development
 Diets need sufficient amounts of iron to prevent that
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Reality Check
 Television and Its Effects on Children’s Diet and
Exercise
 A great majority of ads on television are for foods that are
low in nutritional value. What types of “hooks” are used to
sell children these food?
 Peanut Allergy
 How might having a child with a peanut allergy impact
the early education environment?
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Implications for Teachers
 Education
 For Families
 Role Modeling
 Cultural Competence
 Supervision
©2010 Cengage Learning.
All Rights Reserved.