Transcript VietnamWar_MapActivity.pp tx

The Cold War
1960s-1970s
Vietnam War Map Activity
Follow along with 17 steps to turn your blank
Vietnam map into an information-packed resource
Start with this
blank Vietnam map,
and follow along
with the next 17
steps
Step (zero):
Dien Bien phu
Since the mid 1800s, the
French had colonized much of
Southeast Asia, including
Vietnam. Toward the end of the
First Indochina War, French
forces were defeated in the 1954
battle of Dien Bien Phu. The
French left Southeast Asia later
that year.
Dien
Bien
Phu
Step (zero):
Dien Bien phu
Since the mid 1800s, the
French had colonized much of
Southeast Asia, including
Vietnam. Toward the end of the
First Indochina War, French
forces were defeated in the 1954
battle of Dien Bien Phu. The
French left Southeast Asia later
that year.
Dien
Bien
Phu
Step One:
CHINA
China played a role in the
First Indochina War by sending
military personnel to help defeat
the French. In fact about 2,000
Soviet and Chinese military
‘advisors’ trained the Vietnamese
and provided them with military
equipment for this war.
Soviet truck supplied by the Chinese to
the Vietnamese against the French
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Step One:
CHINA
China played a role in the
First Indochina War by sending
military personnel to help defeat
the French. In fact about 2,000
Soviet and Chinese military
‘advisors’ trained the Vietnamese
and provided them with military
equipment for this war.
Soviet truck supplied by the Chinese to
the Vietnamese against the French
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Step Two:
Thailand
Thailand was a member of
SEATO (Southeast Asian Treaty
Organization) and was therefore in a
military alliance with the United
States and many other Western
Nations. During the Vietnam War,
the U.S. would use airbases in
Thailand, and many of the Hmong
people would seek refuge there.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
Step Two:
Thailand
Thailand was a member of
SEATO (Southeast Asian Treaty
Organization) and was therefore in a
military alliance with the United
States and many other Western
Nations. During the Vietnam War,
the U.S. would use airbases in
Thailand, and many of the Hmong
people would seek refuge there.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
Step Three:
Laos
During the Vietnam War, Laos
simultaneously experienced their own
Civil War between royalists and
communists. Much of the Vietnam
War was fought across the border in
Laos. The U.S. invaded parts of Laos
and bombed the country consistently.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
Step Three:
Laos
During the Vietnam War, Laos
simultaneously experienced their own
Civil War between royalists and
communists. Much of the Vietnam
War was fought across the border in
Laos. The U.S. invaded parts of Laos
and bombed the country consistently.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
Step Four:
Cambodia
Cambodia became a
monarchy in 1953, and then a
Republic in 1970. North Vietnamese
used supply routes in Cambodia
during the Vietnam War. Americans
invaded Cambodia during the war to
disrupt these supply lines.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Step Four:
Cambodia
Cambodia became a
monarchy in 1953, and then a
Republic in 1970. North Vietnamese
used supply routes in Cambodia
during the Vietnam War. Americans
invaded Cambodia during the war to
disrupt these supply lines.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Step Five:
Hmong
The Hmong were a nomadic
people from China and Southeast Asia
that were secretly allied to the U.S. in
the Vietnam War. They were expecting
to establish their own nation after a U.S.
victory, which never occurred. Instead,
the Hmong were (and still are)
persecuted in the forests of Laos and
Vietnam. Large numbers have come to
the U.S. since the 1970s.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hmong
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Step Five:
Hmong
The Hmong were a nomadic
people from China and Southeast Asia
that were secretly allied to the U.S. in
the Vietnam War. They were expecting
to establish their own nation after a U.S.
victory, which never occurred. Instead,
the Hmong were (and still are)
persecuted in the forests of Laos and
Vietnam. Large numbers have come to
the U.S. since the 1970s.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hmong
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Step Six:
Bodies of Water
Since the United States was
the world’s dominant naval force,
launching air strikes from ships
and bombing raids from carriers in
the Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea
or Gulf of Thailand would be a
theme of the Vietnam War.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
Step Six:
Bodies of Water
Since the United States was
the world’s dominant naval force,
launching air strikes from ships
and bombing raids from carriers in
the Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea
or Gulf of Thailand would be a
theme of the Vietnam War.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
Step Seven:
17th Parallel
Similar to the situation in
Korea, the country of Vietnam
was split close to a line of
latitude; in this case the 17th
parallel. communist North
Vietnam was above the line and
democratic South Vietnam was
below the line.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
Step Seven:
17th Parallel
Similar to the situation in
Korea, the country of Vietnam
was split close to a line of
latitude; in this case the 17th
parallel. communist North
Vietnam was above the line and
democratic South Vietnam was
below the line.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
Step Seven:
17th Parallel
Similar to the situation in
Korea, the country of Vietnam
was split close to a line of
latitude; in this case the 17th
parallel. communist North
Vietnam was above the line and
democratic South Vietnam was
below the line.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
Step Eight:
Hanoi
Hanoi was the capital of
North Vietnam after Japanese
occupation in 1945, and then again
after French occupation in 1954.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
Step Eight:
Hanoi
US Navy
Hanoi was the capital of
North Vietnam after Japanese
occupation in 1945, and then again
after French occupation in 1954.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
Step Nine:
Saigon
Saigon was the capital of
South Vietnam prior to, and during
the Vietnam War. After the fall of
Saigon at the end of the war, the
name of the city was officially
changed to Ho Chi Minh City.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Saigon
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
Step Nine:
Saigon
Saigon was the capital of
South Vietnam prior to, and during
the Vietnam War. After the fall of
Saigon at the end of the war, the
name of the city was officially
changed to Ho Chi Minh City.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Saigon
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
Step Ten:
U.S. Air Raids
US Navy
Later in the war, the United
States performed air raids on the
North Vietnamese capital of Hanoi.
Operation Linebacker II was the
codename for the so-called
‘Christmas Bombings’ or ‘December
Raids’, which targeted Hanoi.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
U.S. Air Raids
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Saigon
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
Step Ten:
U.S. Air Raids
Later in the war, the United
States performed air raids on the
North Vietnamese capital of Hanoi.
Operation Linebacker II was the
codename for the so-called
‘Christmas Bombings’ or ‘December
Raids’, which targeted Hanoi.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
U.S. Air Raids
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Saigon
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
Step Eleven:
Gulf of Tonkin Incident
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident
was a naval confrontation between
the U.S. and the North Vietnamese.
Shots were fired and just a handful of
North Vietnamese casualties (no U.S.
casualties). This led to Congress
passing a Gulf of Tonkin Resolution,
which gave president Johnson the
authority to give military assistance
to any Southeast Asian country
without congress voting to go to war.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
U.S. Air Raids
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
G.o.T.
Incident
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Saigon
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
Step Eleven:
Gulf of Tonkin Incident
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident
was a naval confrontation between
the U.S. and the North Vietnamese.
Shots were fired and just a handful of
North Vietnamese casualties (no U.S.
casualties). This led to Congress
passing a Gulf of Tonkin Resolution,
which gave president Johnson the
authority to give military assistance
to any Southeast Asian country
without congress voting to go to war.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
U.S. Air Raids
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
G.o.T.
Incident
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Saigon
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
Step Twelve:
Ho Chi Minh Trail
Ho Chi Minh Trail, named after
the North Vietnamese revolutionary
leader, was a supply line used by the
North through Laos and Cambodia.
This allowed the North to attack at
strategic locations in South Vietnam.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
U.S. Air Raids
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
G.o.T.
Incident
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Saigon
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
Step Twelve:
Ho Chi Minh Trail
Ho Chi Minh Trail, named after
the North Vietnamese revolutionary
leader, was a supply line used by the
North through Laos and Cambodia.
This allowed the North to attack at
strategic locations in South Vietnam.
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
U.S. Air Raids
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
G.o.T.
Incident
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Saigon
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
Step Thirteen:
Tet Offensive
The now-famous Cu Chi Tunnel system
was another Vietcong innovation that helped
them fight in South Vietnam. It was an elaborate
system of underground pathways and rooms for
the “Vietcong” or NLF (National Liberation
Front). Americans weren’t aware of these
tunnels until the 1960s, and the U.S. military
later used heavy bombing and “tunnel rats”
(U.S. soldiers willing to go inside the tunnels).
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
U.S. Air Raids
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
G.o.T.
Incident
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Saigon
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
Step Thirteen:
Tet Offensive
The now-famous Cu Chi Tunnel system
was another Vietcong innovation that helped
them fight in South Vietnam. It was an elaborate
system of underground pathways and rooms for
the “Vietcong” or NLF (National Liberation
Front). Americans weren’t aware of these
tunnels until the 1960s, and the U.S. military
later used heavy bombing and “tunnel rats”
(U.S. soldiers willing to go inside the tunnels).
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
U.S. Air Raids
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
G.o.T.
Incident
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Saigon
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
Step Thirteen:
Tet Offensive
The Tet Offensive was a series of
over 100 coordinated attacks by the
North on January 30th, 1968. Although it
was not successful in terms of gaining
land, there were casualties (c. 5,000 S.
Vietnamese, c. 5,000 Americans, c. 20,000
N. Vietnamese). It was discouraging to
American forces (and citizens back
home), who realized that the war was not
going to end any time soon.
Step Thirteen:
Tet Offensive
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
U.S. Air Raids
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
G.o.T.
Incident
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
The Tet Offensive was a series of
over 100 coordinated attacks by the
North on January 30th, 1968. Although it
was not successful in terms of gaining
land, there were casualties (c. 5,000 S.
Vietnamese, c. 5,000 Americans, c. 20,000
N. Vietnamese). It was discouraging to
American forces (and citizens back
home), who realized that the war was not
going to end any time soon.
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Saigon
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
= Tet Offensive
Step Fourteen:
Invasion of Cambodia
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
U.S. Air Raids
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
G.o.T.
Incident
US Navy
USAF
USAF
In 1970, President Nixon
ordered the invasion of Cambodia
for the purpose of disrupting North
Vietnamese supply lines along the
Ho Chi Minh Trail. This included 30
separate operations between May
and June of 1970.
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Saigon
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
= Tet Offensive
Step Fourteen:
Invasion of Cambodia
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
U.S. Air Raids
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
G.o.T.
Incident
US Navy
USAF
USAF
In 1970, President Nixon
ordered the invasion of Cambodia
for the purpose of disrupting North
Vietnamese supply lines along the
Ho Chi Minh Trail. This included 30
separate operations between May
and June of 1970.
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Saigon
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
= Tet Offensive
Step Fifteen:
Invasion of Laos
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
U.S. Air Raids
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
G.o.T.
Incident
US Navy
USAF
USAF
In 1971, The United States
staged invasions into Laos from
areas just south of the 17th parallel.
The purpose was the same as the
Cambodian invasions; to disrupt
North Vietnamese supply lines on
the Ho Chi Minh Trail.
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Saigon
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
= Tet Offensive
Step Fifteen:
Invasion of Laos
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
U.S. Air Raids
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
G.o.T.
Incident
US Navy
USAF
USAF
In 1971, The United States
staged invasions into Laos from
areas just south of the 17th parallel.
The purpose was the same as the
Cambodian invasions; to disrupt
North Vietnamese supply lines on
the Ho Chi Minh Trail.
THAILAND
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Saigon
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
= Tet Offensive
Step Sixteen:
Fall of Saigon
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
U.S. Air Raids
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
G.o.T.
Incident
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
After Nixon began gradually
pulling out U.S. troops (replacing
them with Vietnamese forces), U.S.
involvement in this war ended with
the largest helicopter evacuation in
history out of the city of Saigon (April
30th, 1975). The city fell to North
Vietnamese forces a week later.
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Saigon
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
= Tet Offensive
Step Sixteen:
Fall of Saigon
CHINA
Dien
Bien
Phu
Hanoi
U.S. Air Raids
Gulf of
Tonkin
Hmong
G.o.T.
Incident
US Navy
USAF
USAF
THAILAND
After Nixon began gradually
pulling out U.S. troops (replacing
them with Vietnamese forces), U.S.
involvement in this war ended with
the largest helicopter evacuation in
history out of the city of Saigon (April
30th, 1975). The city fell to North
Vietnamese forces a week later.
USAF
USAF
CAMBODIA
Ho Chi Minh City
Saigon
South
China
Sea
Gulf of
Thailand
US Navy
US Navy
= Tet Offensive
On the back of your map,
answer the following questions:
1) In your opinion, how could the
world’s greatest superpower
(the United States) lose in this
conflict with a much smaller,
technologically inferior North
Vietnamese force? Be sure to
explain your answer.