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U.S. Territorial Expansion
U.S. Territorial Expansion
A
When?
1783
From Where? Great Britain
Why?
U.S. declared independence from Great
Britain
U.S. Territorial Expansion
B
When?
A
1783
From Where? Great Britain
Why?
Part of results of Treaty of Paris (ended
Revolutionary War)
U.S. Territorial Expansion
C
B
When?
A
1803
From Where? France
Napoleon needed money.
Why?
Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans
but ened up with all of Louisiana!
U.S. Territorial Expansion
C
B
A
D Florida
When?
1819
From Where? Spain
Why?
Andrew Jackson invaded,
Spain then sold it to us for $5 million.
Manifest Destiny
Was the name given to the
belief that the US would
expand west towards the
Pacific Ocean
It was used to gain public
support for American territorial
expansion.
Manifest Destiny Attributes
A policy of imperialistic expansion
defended as necessary and
benevolent
19th century doctrine of the US to
justify westward expansion
Belief that expansion was not only
inevitable, but divine ordained
Occurred at the expense of Native
Americans and Mexicans
John Gast, American Progress, 1872
First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845
 ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread
and to possess the whole of the continent which
Providence has given us for the development of the
great experiment of liberty and federative development
of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as
that of the tree to the space of air and the earth
suitable for the full expansion of its principle and
destiny of growth."
Mr. Manifest Destiny
Elected President in 1844
Added more territory to the
US (by any means) than any
other President
Died 103 days after his single
term ended
Map of the United States, 1872
Melish’s comments on his 1816
map of the United States
To present the country this way was desirable . . .
The map shows at a glance the whole extent of the
United States territory from sea to sea.
In tracing the probable expansion of the human
race from east to west, the mind finds an agreeable
resting place on its western limits. The view is
complete and leaves nothing to be wished for. It
also adds to the beauty and symmetry of the map.
Source: John Melish. Map of the United States with the contiguous British
and Spanish Possessions. Philadelphia, 1816.
13
Texas
 Texas became independent from Mexico.
 Americans had been pouring into Texas
 As a nation, the Republic of Texas, they were having
financial and military problems
 To convince the U.S. to annex (add on) Texas, Sam
Houston (President of Texas) tricked Congress into
thinking that Texas might ally with the British…it worked
and Texas was annexed in 1845 but…
Mexico never accepted the
independence of Texas, so we
(along with our new territory
of Texas) went to war!
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgoforced Mexico to cede (give) all
of California and New Mexico to
the United States. These lands
were called the Mexican Cession.
The U.S. signed this treaty agreeing
to protect Mexicans living in that
area, but confusion over laws led
to this often not happening.
…
U.S. Territorial Expansion
C
E
When?
B
A
D
1845
From Where? Republic of Texas (Independent Country)
Why?
Texas won independence from Mexico in 1836.
We want land!
Acting on his campaign promise, James K.
Polk wanted to gain control of Oregonwhich threatened war with Britain…
James K. Polk and Expansionists coined the
phrase “Fifty-four forty or fight!”
Basically, they wanted Oregon territory and
they were prepared to fight for it!
However, no one really wanted a war, so in
1846 Great Britain and the U.S. signed a
treaty that gave the United States Oregon
territory.
U.S. Territorial Expansion
F
C
B
E
When?
A
D
1846
From Where? Great Britain
Why?
Joint occupancy with Great Britain.
Americans demanded “54° 40’ or fight!”
Britain compromised 49° & US accepted.
U.S. Territorial Expansion
F
C
G
E
When?
B
A
D
1848
From Where? Mexico
Why?
Polk offers to buy land from Mexico & they refuse.
U.S. goes to war with Mexico and wins!
In the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, U.S. offers $15
million for the Mexican Cession.
The last piece of the puzzle!!!
In 1853, the U.S. agreed to paid Mexico
$10 million for a strip of land in presentday Arizona and New Mexico. This land
was called the Gadsden Purchase.
MANIFEST DESTINY WAS NOW
COMPLETE!
U.S. Territorial Expansion
F
C
G
A
E
H
When?
B
1853
From Where? Mexico
Why?
Southern rail road route
D
F
C
A
B
G
E
H
D