Transcript Regents Review: Civil Rights

Regents Review:
Civil Rights
African
Americans
Timeline
Slave Trade began in the 1600s
Slavery existed more in the
South due to climate conditions
and profitability
U.S. Constitution – 3/5
compromise
1793 Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin
Founding Fathers – banned the
importation of slaves in 1807
African
Americans
Timeline
Compromise of 1850 – popular
sovereignty and stricter Fugitive
Slave Law
1852 – Uncle Tom’s Cabin by
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Harriet Tubman – Underground
Railroad
 1854 Dred Scott Supreme Court case
African
Americans
Timeline
 1859 John Brown’s Raid at Harpers
Ferry
 1860 Lincoln elected President
 1863 Emancipation Proclamation
 13th Amendment – Abolish slavery
 14th Amendment –Citizenship
 15th Amendment – Right to vote
 Black Codes, Jim Crow Laws, and KKK
 Poll Tax, Literacy test and Grandfather
clause
African
Americans
Timeline
 Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B. DuBois
 1896 Plessy vs. Ferguson “separate but
equal”
 WWI – migration of African Americans
north for factory jobs
 1945 - Jackie Robinson – joined the
Brooklyn Dodgers – Major League
Baseball desegregates.
African
Americans
Timeline
Pres. Truman desegregated the
military
1954 Brown vs. Board of Education
of Topeka, Kansas
1955 Rosa Parks
1957 Little Rock Central H.S.
Martin Luther King Jr. vs. Malcolm
X
1968 King assassinated
Civil Rights
Movement
Plessy v. Ferguson 1896established the principle
“separate but equal.” Allowed
for segregation.
Brown v. Board of Ed. 1954
reversed this decision and
desegregated public schools.
Strong opposition to decision
from whites caused
desegregation to move slowly
Martin
Luther
King Jr.
Influenced by Gandhi
Passive Resistance – do not hit
back
Civil Disobedience – break a
law if you do not agree with it
(but accept the consequences).
Montgomer
y Bus
Boycott
1955-1956
 Rosa Parks was asked to give up her
seat on the bus to a white passenger in
Montgomery, Alabama (December, 1955)
 She refused and was arrested
 Activists from the Montgomery
Improvement Association (MIA) began a
bus boycott that lasted over a year.
 1956 – Supreme Court ruled that
segregated buses were unconstitutional
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conferenc
e (SCLC)
MLK spoke out in support of
the Montgomery Bus Boycott
SCLC established by Martin
Luther King Jr. and Ralph
Abernathy in 1957
Nonviolent protest and
resistance based on civil
disobedience of Mohandas
Gandhi
Christian themed organization
Little
Rock,
Arkansas
1957
“Little Rock Nine” enrolled at
Central High School
Governor Orval Faubus called out
Arkansas National Guard to block
them
Eisenhower sent federal troops
who stayed for the whole school
year
Full compliance with school
desegregation continued to meet
resistance in the South
Greensboro
Sit-in
1960
Four African-American college
students in Greensboro, North
Carolina, ordered coffee and
doughnuts at a Woolworth’s lunch
counter
Restaurant refused to serve them,
so students sat there until it
closed
Sparked similar restaurant sit-ins
Freedom
Rides
 1961 – Students who rode throughout the South
provoking confrontation on the buses. Meant to
increase pressure on the South for equal rights.
 Freedom ride on two Greyhound buses going from
Washington, D.C. to New Orleans, Louisiana –
seven blacks and six whites
 One bus firebombed in Anniston, Alabama
 Other bus attacked by a mob in Birmingham,
Alabama
 U.S. marshals sent in when bus reached
Montgomery, Alabama
 Riders arrested in Jackson, Mississippi
 Hundreds more were inspired and joined the
freedom rides
Kennedy’s
Response
Federal government is forced
to act
JFK got leaders in Mississippi
to agree to protect freedom
riders
Federal Transportation
Commission ordered interstate
transportation to be
desegregated.
MLK and
SCLC in
Birmingha
m,
Alabama
1963
 Birmingham considered most segregated
city
 MLK joined a demonstration and was
arrested
 Famous “Letter from Birmingham Jail”
 Public Safety Commissioner T. Eugene
“Bull” Connor turned fire hoses and police
dogs on protestors, including kids
 Nationwide sympathy for demonstrators
resulted from national news coverage
March on
Washingto
n
August 28, 1963- more than
250,000 Americans rallied in
Washington D.C. in support of
equal rights.
King gives his famous “I have a
Dream” speech at Lincoln
Memorial
Birmingha
m Church
Bombing
1963
September 15, 1963
Sixteenth Street Baptist Church
in Birmingham, Alabama
Four young girls killed when
bomb exploded
Assassination
of JFK, 1963
November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas
Lyndon B. Johnson became
president
LBJ pledged to continue JFK’s
work toward civil rights
Civil Rights
Act 1964
No discrimination based on race or
color
Equal access to libraries, parks,
schools, etc.
Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission
Required schools to desegregate
 Civil rights workers James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and
Michael Schwerner went missing during a trip to investigate
the burning of a church – June 21, 1964
 Arrested on speeding charges and held incommunicado at
Neshoba County Jail
Murder in
Mississippi
, 1964
 Deputy Price, a KKK member, alerted his fellow Klansmen to
the situation
 Price ordered the three young men to leave town, followed
their car, then pulled them over again
 Klansmen arrived and killed the three young men, buried
them, and set fire to their car
 LBJ forced J. Edgar Hoover (FBI) to investigate
 Six-week search for bodies caught national attention
 State of Mississippi would not prosecute, so 18 men charged
in federal court (charged with violating victims’ civil rights by
murdering them)
 SCLC march in Selma, Alabama, for
voting rights legislation
Selma
March
1965
 Edmund Pettus Bridge, between
Montgomery and Selma
 “Bloody Sunday” – March 7, 1965
 Alabama state troopers and others
violently stopped marchers
 March 15, 1965 – LBJ spoke for a federal
voting rights law on national television
24th Amendment, 1964
 Outlawed poll taxes
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Voting
Rights
 Outlawed literacy tests
 Federal government to oversee
elections and voter registration
 Extended to Hispanics in 1975
Numbers of African Americans
registered to vote and elected to
office multiplied
Black
Power
Movement
African Americans should take
control of the political and
economic aspects of their lives.
Some advocated the use of
violence.
Malcolm X – promoted black
nationalism. Originally a member
of The Nation of Islam, then breaks
away and forms Muslim Mosque,
Inc.
Thurgood
Marshall,
1967
Former attorney for the NAACP
Argued Brown v. Board of
Education
Appointed as first AfricanAmerican justice of the
Supreme Court
Supported affirmative action to
correct racial imbalances in
education, employment, etc.
Assassination
of MLK, 1968
April 4, 1968 in Memphis,
Tennessee
Shot on balcony of Lorraine
Motel (now the Civil Rights
Museum)
Killed by James Earl Ray, an
ex-convict
Riots erupted nationwide
After the Civil War, many owners of large
plantations in the South responded to the loss
of
enslaved labor by
(1) hiring Irish immigrants to do the work of
freedmen
(2) selling their plantations to formerly
enslaved
persons
(3) creating tenant farms and sharecropping
(4) paying wages to farmworkers who had
migrated from the North
The “separate but equal” doctrine established
by
the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson
(1896)
upheld the legality of
(1) woman’s suffrage in state elections
(2) the activities of the Ku Klux Klan
(3) racial segregation in public facilities
(4) restrictions on voting rights of African
Americans
Base your answer to question 36 on the passage
below and on your knowledge of social studies.
…It is hereby declared to be the policy of the
President that there shall be equality of treatment
and opportunity for all persons in the armed
services without regard to race, color, religion or
national origin. This policy shall be put into effect
as rapidly as possible, having due regard to the time
required to effectuate [implement] any necessary
changes without impairing efficiency or morale.…
— Section 1, Executive Order 9981
36 The purpose of Executive Order 9981, issued by
President Harry Truman, was to
(1) encourage women to join the armed services
(2) end racial segregation in the military
(3) ensure adequate manpower to fight the
Korean War
(4) establish war crimes tribunals in Western
Europe
A major impact of the 24th
amendment banning poll taxes and
of the 1965 Voting Rights Act was the
(1) increase in the number of Jim
Crow laws
(2) movement to create a new
political party for Hispanics
(3) decrease in voting among African
American women
(4) elimination of discriminatory
voting practices against African
Americans
Literacy tests, grandfather clauses,
and poll taxes were enacted by
Southern States to
(1) limit the movement of African
Americans
(2) restrict the voting rights of African
Americans
(3) improve the social status of
African Americans
(4) expand educational opportunities
for African Americans
After 1877, racial segregation became widespread
in the South primarily as a result of the
(1) decline of the Ku Klux Klan
(2) activities of the Freedmen’s Bureau
(3) stationing of federal troops in the South
(4) passage of Jim Crow laws
Base your answer to question 39 on the excerpt
below from a Supreme Court decision and on your
knowledge of social studies.
“We conclude that, in the field of public
education, the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’
has no place. Separate educational facilities are
inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the
plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom
the actions have been brought are, by reason of
the segregation complained of, deprived of the
equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the
Fourteenth Amendment….”
39 This Supreme Court decision is based on the idea
that segregation in education is likely to
(1) deny individuals equal opportunities to make
social and economic progress
(2) interfere with the right to privacy in public
schools
(3) create excessive burdens on school
transportation systems
(4) result in high tax increases to support separate
school systems
Base your answer to question 16 on the passage below
and on your knowledge of social studies.
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and
subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the
United States and of the State wherein they reside. No
State shall
make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges
or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall
any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property,
without due
process of law; nor deny to any person within its
jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
— 14th amendment, Section 1, United States Constitution
16 This amendment was adopted in 1868 primarily to
(1) protect the rights of formerly enslaved persons
(2) make it easier for immigrants to become citizens
(3) extend suffrage to settlers on the Great Plains
(4) require the federal government to pay the costs of
Reconstruction
21 Booker T. Washington and W. E.
B. Du Bois agreed that African
Americans should
(1) use education to gain
opportunities
(2) support a “Back to Africa”
movement
(3) take part in boycotts to end
segregation
(4) adopt a gradual approach to gain
the right to
vote
48 One way in which the Civil Rights Act of
1964
and the Americans with Disabilities Act of
1990
are similar is that they have
(1) extended free speech protections for
students
while in school
(2) increased the number of eligible voters
(3) helped overcome discrimination against
certain groups
(4) slowed down the construction of public
buildings