Transcript DBQ Cold War Outside - White Plains Public Schools

Cold War DBQ
Outside of U.S and U.S.S.R
The Cold War was the protracted geopolitical,
ideological, and economic struggle that emerged after
World War II between the global superpowers of the Soviet
Union and the United States, supported by their respective
and emerging alliance partners. Although the Cold War
affected the U.S. and USSR, their allies and the “Third
World” also experience dramatic changes and effects. Both
sides aided in “proxy wars” throughout the globe
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giving the president…war-making powers
in the absence of a declaration of war.
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Usually its congress which declares
war(Viet Nam)
Senator Wayne Morse, one of only two senators to vote
against the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. Th epurpose is to
illustrate opposition to increased war in Vietnam which
was serving as a proxy war between the North
Communist(aided by China and the Soviets0 and the South
(aided by the United States)
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Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest,
and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around
them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere
That iron curtain once again
Winston Churchill (March 5 1946, Westminster College Missouri. The purpose was to warn
the United States against the spread of Communism in Eastern Europe and, by extension,
around the world after WWII. This sphere of influence would increase the “red scare” in the
United States and would promulgate the arms, race, space race and use of diplomacy, proxy
wars and brinksmanship.
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policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting
attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures
All of this serves as a pretext for
economic aid, proxy wars or supporting
favorable leaders
President Harry Truman, 1947, the Truman doctrine as it became known as was
a foreign policy by the United States to use various methods to stop the spread
of Communism known as the policy of containment (contain its spread).
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A freely elected government in any of the
Eastern European countries would be antiSoviet and we cannot allow that.
Soviet political policy of choosing Communist leaders from Moscow’s Politburo (Kremlin):
This policy illustrates the illusion of a legitimate choice in which Eastern Europe had in
choosing their elected representation and identifies how Communism spread in Eastern
Europe.
-Joseph Stalin (Soviet
Leader speech 1946
Iran’s evolution topples the Western Backed leader Shah Reza
Pevlavi who often limited Shiite religious freedoms in the place of
Western education for women, style dress and consumerism (for
oil)
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Ayatollah Khomeini, supreme ruler of Iran after 1979 REvolution
(speech to the faithful). He compels Iranians to reject the notions of
the “West” and the “East” and establish a theocracy(radical phase of
revolutions?) During the revolution 168 American diplomats were
taken hostage for 400 days. Iran has remained an enemy by the U.S
since. America is referred to as “The Great Satan” and identifies U.S
involvement with Iraq in Iran-Iraqi wars( some of te proxy wars
fought with the U.S.S.R supporting Iran).
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India was a member of the non-allignment nations who did not wish to
side with 1st or 2nd worlds for fear of conflict.
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witnessed two tragedies which have powerfully affected men and women
all over the world. These are the tragedies in Egypt (Suez Crisis) and
Hungary (1956 Revolution). But even these tragedies have one hopeful
aspect, for they have demonstrated that the most powerful countries
cannot revert to old colonial methods or impose their domination over
weak countries.
Jewaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India, 1956 as a member of the non-alignment nations after the
Bandung pact, joining other nations who did not wish to take sides (after being recently decolonized)
like, Egypt, India and Indonesia to determine their own future.
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Cuba had been an ally of the Soviet Union after its Revolution and the Soviet
response to U.S Missiles in Turkey was the positioning of them in Cuba (15 miles
form the U.S)
has maintained the closest surveillance of the Soviet
military buildup on the island of Cuba. Within the past
week, unmistakable evidence has established the fact that
a series of offensive missile sites is now in preparation on
that imprisoned island
John F. Kennedy, Oct. 22, 1962 notifying the American population of the highest threat of
nuclear disaster. The purpose was to gain the U.N support to de-escalate the situation and
hold the Soviets accountable for arming cuba ( an enemy of the U.S after the Revolution and
attempts made of Castro’s life as well as the Bay of Pigs failed invasion)
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The Marshall plan was an attempt at
economically financing post WWI countries to
keep them capitalist and democratic
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Our policy is directed not against any country
or doctrine but against hunger, poverty,
desperation, and chaos. Its purpose should
be the revival of working economy in the
world so as to permit the emergence of
political and social conditions in which free
institutions can exist…
George C Marshall Secretary of State, Speech to Congress 1947, the purpose
was to financially support the rebuilding of Europe after WWII while stopping
the spread of Communism in the Mediterranean including Greece and Turkey
Technology in the argument for capitalism. It breeds competitiveness
Innovation and “improvements”. From tactical (military purpose)
To practical ( everyday purpose) in “Western” areas
Velcro
Microwave oven
Microprocessor
Communication satellites
Bar codes
Supercomputers
Smoke detectors
Calculators
Arpanet
Teflon
Numerous plastics
Satellite dishes
GPS systems
Weather prediction
What do these cold war inventions have top do with areas outside the U.S? Technologies of
the space race was going from tactical to practical and were each items to show the
superiority of capitalism and/or communism as innovation was driven by the race for the
best (space race, arms race even the Olympics) worldwide competition between the first
and the secod world over the hearts and minds played a impact on technology.
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Part of the U.S embargo on Cuba for
expropriating U.S held businesses
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no products, technology, or services may be exported from the United States to Cuba, either
directly or through third countries, such as Canada or Mexico.
Importing Cuban-Origin Goods or Services-Goods or services of Cuban origin may not be imported
into the United States either directly or through third countries, such as Canada or Mexico. The
only exceptions are publications, artwork, or other informational materials
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Why informational materials (U.S. propaganda?)
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U.S. Department of the Treasury Cuban Assets Control Regulations July, 1963.
One economic means of effecting foreign policies was to cut funding known as
embargoes to force (economically) individuals to capitulate to U.S demands.
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Soviet would financially support favorable
governments in Africa like the Congo,
Mozambique and Angola.
Soviet Ambassador to People’s Republic of Angola in a memo,
1975 for the purpose to argue of the exploitation of
imperialism in favor of joining the Soviet Union.