Transcript The New Nation Washington`s Presidency

Setting precedent for the future
Chose a cabinet of men to help make decisions
Alexander Hamilton- Secretary of Treasury (Federalist)
Thomas Jefferson was Secretary of State (Democratic
Republican)
Which direction should the country grow – Strong Central Govt, and
Prospering Cities and Businesses OR Rural America with more power to
the people and states?
• These differences created our two first major political parties
• Democratic Republicans
• Federalist
The Whiskey rebellion (1794):
• Congress passes a tax on whiskey to
raise money
• Wheat farmers are outraged and
refuse to pay
• Some even begin a rebellion,
attacking tax collectors
Washington’s response
• Sees as an attack on the federal
government
• Send 15,000+ men to stamp out
rebellion, sends message that the
federal government will enforce the
law.
Little Turtle’s War 1785-1795:
• Geo. Washington sends badly trained U.S. soldiers to deal with Indians
resisting westward expansion
• Indian Confederation led by Little Turtle (Miami Tribe) delivers two crushing
defeats to the Army. Eventually the tide turns and after years of fights, the
Indians give up all but the NW corner of Ohio
• Warned the U.S. to avoid foreign alliances. Believed it
would only lead to war.
• Warned U.S to avoid political parties and regional
differences. Believed it would only divide America in a
negative way.
• What about Hamilton’s view lead big business to favor it?
1798, Congress passed and Adams signed a series of
law known as the Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien Act- made immigration difficult for
foreigners and restricted voting by immigrants
Sedition Act- prohibited criticism of the federal
government
Sedition Act Unconstitutional but the policy of
“judicial review” was not yet in place.
• Jefferson is a Democratic Republican
• Goals• Reduce the size of the federal government
• Roll back/Cut taxes passed under
Hamilton's financial plan
• 1803 Louisiana Purchase- The US wanted control
of New Orleans and the Mississippi River.
Purchased the Louisiana Territory from France.
Napoleon sells it for $15 million.
• And we really kind of owe it to the
Haitians who defeated Napoleon and the
French in 1803, forcing him to give up his
dream of a French Empire in the Americas.
Louisiana Purchase
http://56755.blogspot.com/2011_04_01_archive.html
U.S. hostile policy toward Haiti
• Thomas Jefferson
referred to the Haitian
rebels as “cannibals.”
• U.S. cut off trade with
Haiti, harming the
former slave republic’s
economy.
• The U.S. did not
recognize Haiti as a
sovereign, independent
nation until 1862
• France and Britain are at war -AGAIN– Napoleonic Wars
• British enforce a blockade against Napoleon
• capturing and searching American ships
• “impressing” 1000s of American sailors into the
Royal Navy
President James Madison used this to get Congress to declare war
against Britain on June 1, 1812.
• Effects
• Nationalism grows
• Manufacturing picks up
• Less native resistance on the frontier
• 1823 James Monroe announces
to Congress…
• American Continents were
closed to future
colonization by any
European Powers.
• US would consider European
interference as dangerous
to our peace and safety.
• The battle over the direction of the country was
beginning to intensify
• Those favoring stronger State Power:
• Felt the 10th Amendment gave all of the unlisted
powers to the states
• Those favoring a stronger Federal Government:
• Felt the Federal Government should have final say
• North and South disagreed about tariffs
• Northerners favored tariffs because these raised the
price of imports and made their products more
competitive
• Southerners resented tariffs because it made
manufactured goods more expensive for them
South Carolina in 1833 votes that federal tariff
laws are “Null and Void” in their state and even
threaten to secede from the US if the Federal
Govt tries to enforce the tariff.
Congress passes the “Force Act” which gives
President Andrew Jackson the authority to use
federal troops to collect the tariff. South
Carolina backs down and agrees to a reduced
tariff.
• Relocation of the “5 Civilized tribes”
• Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole and The Creek.
• Most famous- Trail of Tears- this was the removal of the
Cherokee. ¼ died on the journey
• Also famous because they took their case all the way up to
the Supreme Court who ruled that the Cherokee could keep
their land. But the President sent in the army to remove
them any way.
Manifest Destiny
• “…our manifest
destiny to
overspread the
continent
allotted by
Providence for
the free
development
of our
multiplying
the idea of divine sanction for the millions.”
territorial expansion of the United
States.
The U.S. expands….
First U.S. confrontation with Latin
America…maybe Mexico should have built a wall
From 1820-1835, 100,000 U.S.
citizens immigrated to northern
part of Mexico
In 1830, the Mexican
government forbids further
American emigration to
Texas.
Also, important to remember that Mexico
abolished slavery in 1829
War of “Texas Independence” 1832-36
“Remember the Alamo!”
Republic of Texas
• The Texas Constitution codified slavery into the new
nation’s basic law and prohibited free Negroes from staying
in Texas or becoming citizens of the new republic without
an act of congress. The only people who could become
citizens of the new republic were free whites or Tejanos
who were not Black or Indian. The document also
encouraged the internal slave trade by making it illegal for
congress to pass a law prohibiting emigrants from bringing
their slaves into the republic.
• Slavery continued to grow after 1836, and skyrocketed after
Texas annexation to the United States in 1845. By 1860
slavery was firmly entrenched in Texas and formed the
bedrock of society.
Mexican-American War 1846-1848
• Texas annexed by the United States in 1845
• Mexico warns U.S; war breaks out 1846
• Also known as “United States Intervention in Mexico” or
“Invasion of Mexico”
• Disputed area between the Rio Grande and the Nueces Rivers
• U.S. sends troops south of the Nueces
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexico ceded 55 percent
of its territory to the
U.S., including parts of
…Arizona, California, New Mexico,
Texas, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah.
William Walker- “Filibuster”
Wanted to establish a colonial
empire in Latin America
…and create slave states to
join with the United States.
The Saga of the “Grey-eyed Man of
Destiny”
• Wanted to add large tracts of land to the U.S.—
slaves states
• Invaded Mexico, then Nicaragua
• Declared himself president of Nicaragua in 1856
• Recognized by U.S.
• Reinstated slavery, English as official language,
encouraged immigration from U.S.
• Defeated in battle, then surrendered to U.S.
Navy and returned to U.S.
• 1860, tried to invade Honduras, captured by
British Navy, turned over the Hondurans and shot
by firing squad.