Transcript World Geography

Brinkmanship
Brinkmanship
Brinkmanship
Brinkmanship
Kong rides the bomb
This policy rested on
the threat of
massive retaliation,
including nuclear
weapons
Brinkmanship
Pushing to the brink
of war, but stopping
just before it broke
out
“Mutually assured
destruction”
Arms Race
Arms Race
After WWII, U.S.
and Soviet Union are
superpowers
Arms Race
For nearly 50 years,
they compete to
build the largest and
best equipped
military forces
CIA
(these guys actually British…but
cooler)
CIA
Central Intelligence
Agency
They gathered
strategic information
about the Soviet
Union
CIA
They also were used
to pursue
Eisenhower’s Cold
War goals
Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Khrushchev
Became the Soviet
leader after Stalin’s
death
Nikita Khrushchev
Video
Stunned political
observers by
accusing Joseph
Stalin of having
committed many
ruthless crimes
Began warmer
relations between
the U.S. and Soviet
Union
U2 incident
U2 incident
U2 incident
May 1960 an
American U2 was
shot down over the
Soviet Union
U2 incident
Video
The pilot, Gary
Powers, was
captured and
admitted to being a
spy
Cooled the
relationship between
the U.S. and Soviet
Union
Joseph McCarthy
Joseph McCarthy
Video 8 min
Joseph McCarthy
A U.S. Senator from
Wisconsin who
fueled speculation
that communist
spies and
sympathizers were
everywhere
Joseph McCarthy
Stated that he had a
list of known
Communists who
worked in the State
Department
House UnAmerican
Activities
Committee
(HUAC)
House Un-American
Activities Committee
(HUAC)
A House of
Representatives
committee that was
formed in 1938
House UnAmerican
Activities
Committee
(HUAC)
Video
Investigated groups
and activities that
threatened the
freedoms of Americans
Was a key player in
the second Red Scare
Lost some creditability
after Senator McCarthy
was discredited
Venona
Papers
Venona
Papers
Venona Papers
 Venona was a top
secret code
breaking project
in the 1940s
 It’s findings
revealed
extensive Soviet
espionage in the
United States
Hollywood Ten
Hollywood Ten
Hollywood Ten
A group of ten
Hollywood directors
and writers who
went to jail rather
than answer
questions from the
House Un-American
Activities Committee
This was part of the
2nd Red Scare
Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg
Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg
Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg
Video
Two Americans who
were convicted of
providing the Soviet
Union with atomicenergy secrets
Both were executed
in 1953
Internal Security
Act
Internal Security
Act
Required communist
party members and
organizations to
register with the
federal government
Billy Graham
Attracted huge
crowds during the
1950s
Billy Graham
Preaching against
communism
Warned of the
danger of a nuclear
war and urged
Americans to turn to
God
Caused a rapid
growth in church
memberships
In God We Trust
In God We Trust
In God We Trust
 President Eisenhower
signs a law declaring
"In God We Trust" to be
the nation's official
motto after groups
pushed to have the
phrase "under God"
inserted into the Pledge
of Allegiance.
 The first paper money
with the phrase "In God
We Trust" was not
printed until 1957.
Sputnik
Sputnik
Sputnik
Sputnik
Reaction – 8 min
Launched October 4,
1957
The name of the
first satellite
launched into space
by the Soviet Union
National Defense
Education Act
National Defense
Education Act
National Defense
Education Act
 The National Defense
Education Act (NDEA),
signed into law on
September 2, 1958, and
provided funding to
United States education
institutions at all levels
 The NDEA was
influenced by the Soviet
launch of Sputnik
 The launch shook the
American belief that the
U.S. was superior in
math and science to all
other countries.
NASA
NASA
NASA
An agency created
to promote United
States space
technology
GI Bill of Rights
GI Bill of Rights
Provided pensions
and government
loans to help
veterans start
businesses and buy
homes or farms
GI Bill of Rights
Also gave money to
veterans to attend
college or technical
school
Effects of
prosperity
Effects of
prosperity
Effects of
prosperity
 By the end of the 1950s,
the average American
family had twice as much
income to spend than the
average family of the
1920s
 Rising income, easy
credit, and aggressive
marketing helped create a
“culture of consumption”
during the 1950s.
E PLURIBUS
UNUM
E PLURIBUS
UNUM
E PLURIBUS
UNUM
 E pluribus unum is
the motto suggested
by the committee
Congress appointed
on July 4, 1776 to
design "a seal for the
United States of
America.“
 Out of Many, One
 First appeared on
coins in 1795
Dixiecrats
Dixiecrats
The nickname of the
States Rights’ Party
Dixiecrats
Formed by southern
state delegates that
were upset about a
civil rights platform
by the Democrats
Called for continued
segregation
Highway Act
Highway Act
Passed in 1956
Contributed to the
growth of suburbs
Highway Act
Expanded the
highway system,
allowing people to
more easily
commute to jobs in
the city
Originally set up to
allow the military to
move quickly across
the country
Baby boom
Baby boom
An era following
World War II that
saw a 90% increase
in the number of
babies born
Baby boom
This created a large
bulge in the
population and
millions of new
consumers.
Vaccination
Vaccination
Vaccination
Video
 On March 26, 1953,
American medical
researcher Dr. Jonas
Salk announces on a
national radio show
that he has
successfully tested a
vaccine against
poliomyelitis, the virus
that causes the
crippling disease of
polio.
 This disease was
finally eradicated from
most of the world by
the invention of the
polio vaccine.
Rock n’ Roll
Rock n’ Roll
Evolved in 1950’s
from rhythm and
blues, AfricanAmerican gospel,
country, and jazz.
Rock n’ Roll
Video
Electric guitars,
amplifiers, and
youth oriented lyrics
Spread U.S. culture
across the world.
Elvis Presley
Elvis Presley
Emerged as rock’s
leading talent
Elvis Presley
Ed Sullivan Show
Became known as
the King of Rock ‘n’
Roll
Global
Diffusion
Global
Diffusion
 Elvis became an
international star and
American culture
spread as a result.
Global Diffusion
 Televisions and
American-made films
are also examples of
global diffusion of
American culture
through the
entertainment
industry.
Beats
A small, but
influential, group of
writers and poets
Beats
Challenged both
literary conventions
of the day and the
lifestyles of the
middle class
General
Agreement of
Tariffs and Trade
(GATT)
General
Agreement of
Tariffs and Trade
(GATT)
General
Agreement of
Tariffs and Trade
(GATT)
Negotiated during the
UN Conference on
Trade and
Employment and was
the outcome of the
failure of negotiating
governments to create
the International
Trade Organization
(ITO)
Signed in 1946 and
lasted until 1993,
when it was replaced
by the World Trade
Organization in 1995