Transcript Conflicts in the Middle East - Mr

Bellwork
• Can we stop
terrorism? Can we
stop it through wars in
Iraq and Afghanistan?
Do the wars make it
worse? If you were
president, how would
you deal with 9/11?
Next class
• World Song Lyrics due!
• Typed!
– Print out your lyrics with at least 16 vocab
words highlighted or bolded/underlined
– Also print out the lyrics of the original song
– Staple them together
French Bros. 9/11 Documentary
Assignment:
Afghanistan War
American Response
- immediate worldwide
reaction condemns act and
pledges support for America
Sept 13 - Osama bin Laden is
identified officially as prime
suspect of attack and US
promised a “sustained”
military action to bring justice
– bin Laden denies
responsibility
Sept 14 – 50,000 reservists
called to active duty, Taliban
warns against attacking
Afghanistan, names of
hijackers released
National Cathedral, September 14
New York skyline on September 16, 2001
American Response
Sept 16 – Bush pledges a “crusade”
against evil-doers”
-message delivered to Taliban through
Pakistan to hand over Osama bin Laden
or risk attack – refusals comes on Sept 21
Sept 20 – international support for
attack grows
- US aircrafts transported to Persian
Gulf
- Bush tells US military to be “prepared”
because “The hour is coming when
America will act and you will make us
proud.”
- Afghanis begin fleeing to border
- Islamic clerics ask bin Laden to
voluntarily leave Afghanistan
American Response
Sept 26 - U.S. and Pakistani officials
agree on military preparations for
combating bin Laden’s terrorist
network in Afghanistan
Sept 30 – Afghanistan acknowledges
they communicate with bin Laden and
are keeping him safe – bin Laden
USS Enterprise
renews calls for attacks on Jews and Smoldering ruins of WTC, October 2
Americans
Oct 4 – Great Britain Prime Minister
Tony Blair outlines case against bin
Laden and Pakistan becomes 1st
Muslim nation to say there is enough
evidence to incriminate al-Qaeda
Operation Enduring Freedom
Oct 6 – Bush warns
Afghanistan “time is running
out” and to hand over all
terrorists; they refuse
Oct 7 – US and Great Britain
begin missile strikes against
Taliban and al-Qaeda bases;
Bush says, "We will not
waver, we will not tire, we
will not falter, and we will
not fail."
Operation Enduring Freedom
Oct 19 – After almost 2 weeks of aerial bombardments,
US Army Rangers launch raids into Afghanistan from
Pakistan
Oct 20 – 2 US soldiers die in a helicopter crash – 1st
military casualties of the war
Oct 24 – Patriot Act passes House and is signed into law
by Bush on Oct 26
The Bush War Team
Bush increases pressure
on world to participate in
the Global War on
Terror (GWOT)
“A coalition partner must do more than just express sympathy, a
coalition partner must perform. That means different things for
different nations. Some nations don’t want to contribute troops and
we understand that. Other nations can contribute intelligencesharing. ... But all nations, if they want to fight terror, must do
something…Over time it’s going to be important for nations to
know they will be held accountable for inactivity. You’re either with
us or against us in the fight against terror.”
- George W. Bush, November 6, 2001
Operation Enduring Freedom
Nov 9 – After heavy
bombardment and US
support, Northern
Alliance capture major
city of Mazar-e-Sharif
Strategy is to allow
Northern Alliance to
win war against Taliban
with US and Coalition
support
Nov 13 – Taliban leave
Kabul; US begins
speeding formation of
new government
Too much? Proportional?
Operation Enduring Freedom
Nov 25 – Americans land hundreds of
marines around the southern city of
Kandahar – last stronghold of the
Taliban
-Focused efforts to capture bin Laden
on the Tora Bora section of the rugged
mountains of southern Afghanistan
- makes first public comment
regarding Saddam Hussein in the
Global War on Terror – “Saddam is
evil. I think he's got weapons of mass
destruction, and I think he needs to
open up his country to let us inspect.”
Restrepo
Operation Enduring Freedom
Dec 7 – last stronghold of
Taliban, Kandahar, falls;
conflicting reports of
Mullah Omar – captured,
escaped, released?; Hamid
Karzai named interim
leader of government; US
continues bombing of Tora
Bora
- US issues ultimatum to
al-Qaeda fighters in Tora
Bora; continue bombings
Operation Enduring Freedom
Mid-December –
Northern Alliance troops
enter Tora Bora; find
more than 200 al-Qaeda
fighters dead and 35
fighters surrender; no
Osama bin Laden or
Ayman al-Zawahiri
- Later reports confirm bin Laden escaped to Pakistan
primarily due to lack of US troop presence – only 100 US
soldiers in Tora Bora to block escape
Operation Enduring Freedom
- Mullah Omar also escapes
Kandahar
- bin Laden, al-Zawahiri, and Mullah
Omar are all still at large
- believed bin Laden paid locals to
help him escape
- recent history of Pakistan affected
by these men – helped with
resurgence of Taliban in Pakistan
- By the end of the year,
military acknowledges bin
Laden’s escape but
Administration says he is on
the run and is powerless
Operation Enduring Freedom
- hunt for bin Laden
continues into 2002 and
beyond
- reconstruction of
Afghanistan begins
- cost of war in Afghanistan,
including reconstruction –
over $405 billion
- national elections held in Oct,
2004 – Hamid Karzai elected
with 55% of the vote – sworn in
despite claims of voter fraud
Operation Enduring Freedom -2002 and
beyond
- three-fold effort in Afghanistan
- find and capture Osama bin Laden
- root out Taliban resistance and neutralize
- stabilize and rebuild government
structures to bring normality to Afghanis
-Taliban flees to mountains to re-organize
- fight asymmetric war – IEDs, suicide
bombing, limited engagement, disrupt civilian
life, etc.
- attention of
US after 2003
turns to Iraq!
Obama Turns Attention to
Afghanistan
• When Obama is elected, he
runs on a promise to end the
Iraq War and focus on
Afghanistan.
• He does a “surge” of his own,
but early results show not much
of a change in the current
situation.
• War is planned to end in 2014
Jump to the Future
The assassination of Osama bin
Laden
Details
• We knew the name of a trusted Osama
courier. Got it years ago.
• Last August we tracked down that courier.
• We followed him, noticed he was going in
a mansion.
• Obama met with his national security team
five times in the last 30 days (April 2011).
The Compound
• 10 – 18 foot walls
• 8 times bigger than the other surrounding
houses (which are also mansions)
• No phone or internet
• Very few windows
• Only 100 yards from a Pakistan army
training school (Whhhaaa?)
Move in!
• On Friday, Obama gave the go ahead to
take out bin Laden.
• Weather pushed back the attack until
Sunday at 1am.
• Four helicopters moved in on his
compound
• Forty soldiers stormed the compound and
a “firefight” ensued
Killed!
• Four people were killed in the attack (no
Americans)
• Two of Osama’s trusted couriers, one of
which was his son.
• One woman used as a human shield
• And OSAMA BIN LADEN
– Shot in the head
• DNA evidence confirmed the body was his
as well as facial recognition and
identification from one of his wives
Obama Announces
• Word began to leak at 6pm
PST yesterday (May 1, 2011).
• Obama gives a speech
outlining some details
• Crowds gather in front of the
White House and at the World
Trade Center to celebrate
Impact
• What is the deal with Pakistan? Were they
harboring him?
• America finally shows some strength after
chasing OBL for 10 years; restores some
pride
• “Most positive news we’ve had since the
fall of the Berlin Wall”
• Al-Qaeda remains just as strong, probably.
• Did Obama just win reelection for 2012?
– Looks much stronger foreign policy-wise
Mr. Rob’s Facebook
Assignment:
9/11 Impact and the Iraq War
Anti-Terrorism Actions
• Bush creates Department
of Homeland Security in
2002
– Analyzes threats, secure
borders and airports
• Color system eliminated by
Obama (arbitrary)
• A sleeper is a an agent that
enters a country and blends
into a community
• always ready to commit
terrorist act
• 9/11 hijackers were sleepers
•
Allowed the government to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Detain foreigners suspected of
terrorism for seven days without
charging them with a crime.
Tap all phones used by suspects and
monitor their e-mail and Internet use.
Make search warrants valid across
states.
Order U.S. banks to investigate
sources of large foreign accounts.
Prosecute terrorist crimes without any
time restrictions or limitations.
Some people fear that the law
allows the government to violate
our rights guaranteed in the
Constitution.
• Led by Saddam Hussein since
1979
• Saddam had invaded Kuwait
(Desert Storm) and was on our
bad side
• United Nations inspectors
were supposed to be allowed
to go into Iraq to check that he
was complying with cease fire.
• In 1998, he stopped letting UN
inspectors enter the country.
• After 9/11, President Bush feared Hussein
was providing terrorists with weapons of
mass destruction (WMDs)
• Saddam denies, but does not allow UN
inspectors in Iraq.
• Finally, in 2002, Saddam allows inspectors
into the country.
• They don’t find any WMDs, but Bush is not
convinced.
• Bush draws
connections between
Iraq and Al-Qaeda,
claiming that Saddam
intended to sell WMD
to Bin Laden for use
against the United
States.
• Colin Powell gave presentation to
the UN using audiotapes, satellite
photos, and other evidence to
argue that Saddam was hiding
WMDs.
• The US and Britain pushed for a
resolution in the UN that would
authorize war against Iraq.
• Crowds of antiwar protesters participated
in more than 600 rallies around the globe
on a single day in February.
• An estimated 750,000 protestors turned
out in the largest demonstration ever in the
British capital.
• Most of the demonstrations were peaceful.
• On March 17, 2003, President
Bush gave Hussein 48 hours to
leave Iraq.
• After the dictator refused, the
United States and Great Britain
launched Operation Iraqi
Freedom.
• The war began with massive air raids;
sections of Baghdad were the primary
targets U.S. ground troops
• They arrived at the outskirts of the
Iraqi capital by April 2.
• Within a week, Baghdad fell to the
U.S. military.
• Hussein survived the attack and went
into hiding.
• The United States hosted a meeting with Iraqi
representation to determine the future
government of Iraq.
• The representatives adopted a 13-point
statement, stating that Iraq would respect
diversity and rule by law.
• However, one of the country’s main Shi’a
groups, the Iranian-based Supreme Council for
the Islamic Revolution and refused to attend.
• Much of the case for going to war against
Iraq was based on the belief that Saddam
Hussein had weapons of mass
destruction.
• Once major combat ended on May 1, U.S.
forces began an extensive search for
these weapons.
• By late-2004, chemical or biological
weaponry had not been found.
• Since the downfall of
Saddam, insurgents
(fighters) continue to
attack US troops in Iraq
• Many fight for different
reasons
• Mainly, Iraq has two
religious groups that
don’t like each other
(Sunni and Shia)
• Because of this, Iraq is
in a civil war
• Estimates of the number of insurgents are
impossible to confirm. By 2006, US military
estimates ranged from 8,000 to 20,000,
although Iraqi intelligence officials have
issued figures as high as 40,000 fighters
plus another 160,000 supporters. Fighters
have been found among the insurgents
from countries including Syria, Saudi
Arabia, Yemen and Sudan.
• The War in Iraq was not going well
• Violence was increasing daily
• Bush responded by making the
(unpopular) decision to send in many more
troops to Iraq.
• Amazingly this surge has helped reduce
violence in Iraq, but questions still remain
about what happens when we withdraw
from the country.
• Iraq is now a democracy, but like all new
democracies, is struggling with the
complexities of this new government.
• American troops left Iraq on December 18,
2011
Top: What are al-Qaeda’s goals?
Translate each one as if you’re
explaining to your little brother.
Bottom: Based on Al-Qaeda’s
strategy and goals, do you think
they have been successful in
fighting the United States? What
can we do to keep them from being
successful?
Al-Qaeda: Successful or
Unsuccessful?
1. Provoke the United States into invading a Muslim
country.
2. Incite local resistance to occupying US forces.
3. Expand the conflict to neighboring countries, and
engage the U.S. in a long war of attrition.
4. Convert Al-Qaeda into an ideology and set of
operating principles that can be loosely franchised in
other countries without requiring direct command and
control.
5. The U.S. economy will finally collapse under the
strain of too many engagements in too many places,
similarly to the Soviet war in Afghanistan.
Osama bin Laden
Wanted Poster
• Tell me four reasons why he’s
wanted
• Tell me 3 reasons why he hates
the United States
• Reward: $27,000,000
• Tell me last known whereabouts
• Include details that you’ve learned
in class such as: his wealth, where
he was actually caught, how he
“defeated” the Soviet Union in
Afghanistan