Transcript United States History

Vocabulary

Bill of Rights: gives citizens natural born
rights

Declaration of Independence: gives
individuals freedom (liberty)
 Based on Philosophy from: John Locke
Vocabulary

Federalism: dividing the power between the central
government and state and local governments

Separation of powers: powers were equally divided among
the three branches of government

Checks and Balances: system that prevents any one branch
of government overpowering another branch.

Judicial Review: right to declare laws and policies
unconstitutional
Supreme Court declared segregation
unconstitutional
 Example:
Divided powers of government

Delegated powers: specifically assigned powers of the

Reserved Powers: to save powers for the state

Concurrent Powers: “at the same time” both
powers given to the state and federal
governments.
federal government
governments. Not specific
Implied Powers: powers that are NOT specifically
written in the Constitution, but are understood.
 Examples: Elastic clause or necessary and proper
clause

Vocabulary

Isolationism: United States stays away
from foreign countries affairs
 Presidents that used this philosophy are:
A) George Washington
B) Thomas Jefferson

Imperialism: Gain and control land
– Example: Hawaii, Alaska, Guam
Vocabulary

Neutrality: United States does not take sides

Nativism: People want to stay Americanized. No
New Immigrants

Industrialization: Growth of industries or
Factories

Urbanization: Growth of Cities
Vocabulary

Abolition: people against slavery

Underground Railroad: series of houses providing
protection for slaves fleeing to the North for
freedom

Seneca Falls Convention: first women’s rights
convention for suffrage

Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Woman who started the
convention and suffrage for women
Business Vocabulary

Social Darwinism: survival of the fittest
– * philosophy used by Captains of industry

Robber Barons: takes money

Captains of Industry: Gives money
Entrepreneurs of
th
19
Century

Andrew Carnegie: Steel Industry

John D. Rockefeller: Oil Industry

J.P. Morgan: Banking Industry

Henry Ford: Car Industry ***Model-T
VOCABULARY

Black Codes: laws that restricted freed slaves rights
********ONLY IN THE SOUTH*********

KKK: white supremacy organization to intimidate
blacks

Poll Taxes: special fee (tax) that needed to be paid
before a person could vote

Literacy Tests: tests given to men to see their ability
to read and write
VOCABULARY

Freedman’s Bureau: created by Congress to help
someone in need (freedmen)
****only lasted a few years until it went bankrupt

Grandfather Clause: exempts a group of people from
obeying the black codes. They needed to meet certain
criteria

Segregation: forced separation

Jim Crow Laws: required segregation of public
services
Concepts to Review

Articles of Confederation: established to
help colonies govern themselves
 It failed because: states held too much power
 There was NO central government
Louisiana Purchase important because:
Gave America a port for exporting and
importing goods

Concepts to Review
Mercantilism denied colonists
representation of their own


Where were most colonies established?
 A) near the coastlines
 B) in the eastern part of the united States
Mayflower Compact: settlers of the colonies
agreed to obey all of their government laws
Concepts to Review

Alexander Hamilton established the
National Bank because:
1) Wanted to separate businesses
2) Wanted the government to take active role in in the
economy
3) Government would take on debts from the states
4) Collect taxes on imported goods to gain money in the
federal government
5) Tax on Whiskey to gain money in the federal
government
Concepts to Review

Treaty of Paris in 1783 dealt with:
1) Ended the Revolutionary War
2) Set border of U.S. and Canada
3) Mississippi River boundary between U.S. and Spanish
territory
Concepts to Review

Compromises of Constitutional Convention:
 1) elected George Washington as President
 2) bicameral established for representation purposes
 3) gave government the right to tax goods and services
 4) Three-fifths compromise
Concepts to Review

Reconstruction Amendments were
amended to give rights to blacks.

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair was written
to expose businesses for
unlawful business practices.
For example: how the meat packing
industry packaged their meat.
Economic Developments
NORTH

1) 70% manufacturing

2) city development

3) experienced European
Revolution aftermath
SOUTH
1) Depended on North for
manufactured goods
2) Farming
3) Slavery
Concepts to Review

Whiskey Rebellion was: tax on whiskey

2 Political Parties are:
 1) Republican
 2) Democrat
**** part of the unwritten Constitution*****
Andrew Jackson’s spoil system established:
Elected officials gave government jobs to friends and
supporters.
Bill Of Rights
Bill Of Rights
Supreme Court Cases
For
Review
Schenck VS. United States

Clear and present danger
McCulloch VS. Maryland

Established the superiority of the federal
government
New Jersey VS. TLO

Reasonable suspicion
Mapp VS. Ohio

Evidence that is obtain with out a search
warrant can not be used in court
Plessy VS. Ferguson

Legalized “separate but equal”
New York Times VS. United States

Freedom of press
Brown VS. Board of Education
Overturned Plessy
 Made segregation illegal

United Sates VS. Nixon

Presidents power is not above the law
Engle VS. Vital

Prayer in school is unconstitutional
Roe VS. Wade

Right to privacy

Made abortion legal
Marbury VS. Madison

Established Judicial Review
Gideon VS. Wainright

Right to an attorney ( lawyer)
Gibbons VS. Ogden

Federal government can regulate interstate
trade
Tinker VS. DesMoines

Symbolic speech
Korematsu VS. United States

Civil liberties can be suspended during
wartime
Miranda VS. Arizona

Right to know your rights before questioning