Transcript 2011-2012 USVA SOL Part 5 Events in the United States from 1790

Events in the United States
from 1790 to 1850
2011-2012 USVA SOL Part V
This man created the Cotton Gin
and Interchangeable parts
Eli Whitney
The presidential election of 1800,
won by, was the first American
presidential election in which power
was peacefully transferred from one
political party to another.
Thomas
Jefferson
Led by John Adams and Alexander
Hamilton, this party typically
believed in a strong national
government and commercial economy.
They were supported by bankers and
business interests in the Northeast.
The Federalist Party
Led by Thomas Jefferson, this
political party believed in a weak
national government and an
agricultural economy. They were
supported by farmers, artisans, and
frontier settlers in the South.
Democratic-Republican Party
These two US Supreme Court
cases are the foundation blocks
of the Supreme Court’s authority
to mediate disagreements
between branches of
governments, levels of
government, and competing
business interests.
McCulloch v. Maryland
and
Gibbons v. Ogden
• 1803 agreement with France to buy all of
Louisiana (the French name for all of the land
in the Mississippi River Valley) for $15 million
• Doubled the size of the United States
• Negotiated by James Monroe
• Approved by Thomas Jefferson in a massive
departure from his usual adherence to strict
construction
• Explored by Lewis and Clark
Louisiana Purchase
• Two explorers sent by Thomas Jefferson to
map and document land acquired in the
Louisiana Purchase
• Expedition lasted from 1804 – 1806
• Journeyed west from St. Louis all the way to
the Pacific Ocean and back
• Received assistance from Indian guide
Sacagawea (who is commemorated on the new
dollar coins)
Lewis and Clark
fourth president of the United
States
James Madison
• War fought between the United States and
Britain from 1812-1814
• Fought over trade rights
• Called Mr. Madison’s War by critics, who
blamed President James Madison for the
war’s failures; led critics to meet at the
Hartford Convention
• Occasion for the composition of “The Star
Spangled Banner”
• Ended on a high note for Americans after the
Battle of New Orleans
War of 1812
• Written by Francis Scott Key during
the War of 1812 as a battle took place
over Fort McHenry near Baltimore
• Later adopted as the National Anthem
of the United Sates of America
“Star
Spangled
Banner”
The treaty that ended the War of
1812
Treaty of Ghent
• Fought in 1814
• Last battle in the War of 1812
• Fought two weeks after the British and
the Americans had agreed to a treaty.
• Massively outnumbered Americans
routed an immense British army while
sustaining almost no casualties.
• Vaulted General Andrew Jackson to
national fame
Battle of New Orleans
As part of the plan known as the
American System, President
Madison proposed this tariff.
The tariff increased the cost of
foreign-made goods and thus
make American goods more
attractive.
Tariff of 1816
5th President of the United
States
• Nickname for the years during during James
Monroe's presidency
• Known this way because America was at
peace and had only one political party (the
federalists having dissolved)
• Not an entirely accurate moniker for a
period with its share of problems, including
those that led to the issuance of the
Monroe Doctrine
Era of good feeling
• Foreign policy position during James
Monroe’s presidency
• Declared that the United States would not
brook European interference in affairs of
the Americas, just as the United States
would not muddle in European affairs
• Greeted by most European nations with
silence, which the United States interpreted
as acquiescence
• Later served as the basis for the Roosevelt
Corollary
Monroe
Doctrine
Under this compromise, Maine
was admitted as a free state and
Missouri as a slave state?
Missouri Compromise
Treaty that settled a border
dispute between Spain and US.
Spain handed over Florida to the
United States in the treaty.
Adams-Onís Treaty
6th President of the United
States
John Quincy Adams
• Nickname for the back-room agreement that allowed John
Quincy Adams to win the presidential election of 1824
• When none of the four candidates received a majority of
the votes in the electoral college, the final decision fell to
the house of representatives
• Henry clay, who had received the fewest votes of the four
candidates, threw his support to the second-place finisher,
John Quincy Adams, giving Adams enough votes to defeat
the first-place finisher, Andrew Jackson
• Adams then appointed Clay to be his secretary of state, a
powerful post from which the last four presidents had
advanced to the presidency
• Jackson’s supporters cried foul, labeling the machinations
the “corrupt bargain”
• The outcry weakened Adams and Clay, preventing Adams
from accomplishing any thing as president, and preventing
clay from mounting a credible campaign to become president
“corrupt bargain”
Who became the 7th president of
the United States? He brought in
the “Age of the Common Man”
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson personified the
“democratic spirit” of the age by
challenging the economic elite and
rewarding campaign supporters with
public office. What is this known as?
Spoils System
In 1830, this law ordered all Native
Americans to move west of the
Mississippi river?
Indian Removal Act
• Name for the forced removal of the Cherokee tribe
of Native Americans from North Carolina to
Oklahoma by the United States Army in the 1830’s
• The Cherokee were forced to walk 1,200 miles west
through the winter
• More than 25 percent died along the way
Trail of Tears
In response to the actions taken by
president Andrew Jackson during his
time in office this newly formed
party wanted to limit the power of
the president?
The Whig party
John C. Calhoun opposed the
Tariff of 1832. He called it this,
because he believed that it hurt
the South.
Tariff of Abominations
Jackson viewed this as an agent of
the wealthy and elite – a group he
deeply distrusted. He vowed to
destroy it
• 1832 crisis that tested the power of the federal government
as designed by the Constitution against states’ rights
• Precipitated by congressional renewal of a high tariff on
imported goods
• South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification,
declaring the tariff void and threatening secession if the
federal government attempted to collect tariff revenue in
South Carolina
• President Andrew Jackson, who himself supported
lowering the tariff, declared nullification “incompatible with
the existence of the Union” and sought permission from
Congress to use federal troops to enforce the tariff law id
necessary
• In this effort, South Carolina drew heavily on the example
of Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
• Andrew Jackson’s response set some precedent for
Abraham Lincoln’s reaction to secession at the beginning
of the Civil War
Nullification Crisis
The National Bank
The belief that Americans were
meant to control the West.
manifest destiny
In 1831, this Virginia slave
named led a violent slave
rebellion.
He and his followers attacked
five plantations.
They killed several people.
Eventually they were captured
and executed.
Nat Turner
One of the most famous battles of
the Texas revolution occurred at the
a mission in San Antonio.
In February of 1836, a small group of
American forces tried to defend it
from Mexican troops. What was the
name of the Mission?
Alamo
When the 31st Congress opened in
December 1849, what did they
accuse the North of failing to
enforce?
Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
Kentucky congressmen Henry Clay
proposed this compromise which
aimed to please the North, by calling
for California to be admitted as a
free state.
It attempted to satisfy the South,
by calling for a stricter fugitive slave
law.
This law required Northerners to
return escaped slaves to their
masters.
Compromise of 1850
allowed the territories to decide for
themselves whether to be a slave or free
state?
popular sovereignty
In 1852, novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe
that showed the horrors of slavery. The
book prompted Northern abolitionists to
increase their protests against the
Fugitive Slave Act.
Southerners criticized the book as an
attack on their way of life.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
abolition
Famous abolitionist publisher of
the newspaper The Liberator?
William Lloyd Garrison
The term which means the
freeing of the slaves?
emancipation
Well known African American
abolitionist who wrote and
spoke powerfully in favor of
achieving emancipation through
non violence?
He founded an antislavery
newspaper called The North
Star.
Frederick Douglass
This party split over the issue of
slavery
Whig Party
This proposed bill banned slavery in
the new territories acquired from
Mexico?
Wilmont Proviso
Was the Wilmot Proviso passed?
NO
The Southern states threatened to
secede, what does that mean?
To leave the union
This law required harsh punishment for
escaped slaves – and for anyone who
helped them.
Fugitive Slave Act
These laws banned the imprisonment of
escaped slaves;
they also guaranteed that escaped slaves
would have jury trials?
personal liberty laws
This was a secret network of volunteers
who hid fugitive slaves on their dangerous
journey north to freedom?
Underground Railroad
This escaped slave, was a famous
leader of the Underground Railroad?
Harriet Tubman
This became law in 1854. It repealed the
Missouri Compromise line, giving people in
Kansas and Nebraska the choice whether
to allow slavery in their states or not
“popular sovereignty”.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
A result of the Kansas-Nebraska
Act, fighting erupted in Kansas as
pro- and anti-slavery forces battled
each other. The territory acquired
the nickname
Bleeding Kansas
a fierce opponent of slavery who
triggered dozens of violent actions
throughout the Kansas territory by
killing five people in a raid
John Brown
In this 1857 court case a slave who
had lived in the free state of Illinois
and the free territory of Wisconsin
before moving back to the slave
state of Missouri, had appealed to
the Supreme Court in hopes of being
granted his freedom. The court ruled
that slaves were considered property
according to the Constitution.
Dred Scott v. Sanford
In 1859, after setting off “Bleeding Kansas”
he tried to start a slave rebellion by attacking
a federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
John
Brown