Transcript From Treaties to Statehood

From Treaties to Statehood
Essential Question
Why were treaties made with Native Americans, and
what was the impact of this treaty-making period?
Relations between
Indians and Settlers
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The first contacts were peaceful and profitable.
However, the growing numbers of settlers caused
difficulties for the Indians.
The huge numbers of miners further increased
these difficulties.
Diseases carried by whites wiped out many of the
Native Americans.
Cultural Conflict
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Settlers and Indians had different ways of getting
food.
They viewed ownership of land differently.
They spoke different languages.
They had different ideas about leadership.
The whites believed their ways were superior.
Stevens Treaties
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Indians relinquished their tribal lands.
Indians moved to reservations.
The United States agreed to pay for the land it
acquired.
The United States built agricultural and industrial
schools on the reservations.
The United States provided free health care on the
reservations.
Problems and Broken Promises
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Payment wasn’t always delivered.
Language barriers created misunderstandings.
The United States did not account for tribal
differences.
Fishing rights were disputed.
The Yakama War
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The Yakama Nation was created by the governor.
White miners trespassed on Yakama Territory and
armed conflict began.
Following the slaughtering of 700 Indian horses and
the execution of 24 leaders, peace treaties were
signed.
The Nez Perce War
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The Nez Perce had helped Lewis and Clark and lived
in peace with whites.
Treaties put the Nez Perce on a reservation.
Discovery of gold on the reservation sparked conflict.
Chief Joseph and his people were forced to flee.
The Nez Perce fought hard.
Chief Joseph surrendered with a now-famous
speech.
Aftermath of Wars
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Disease and warfare greatly reduced the Indian
population.
Survivors were placed on reservations.
The government was unable to stop miners and
others from settling on reservations.
The Indian Homestead Act tried to turn the Indians
into farmers, and it opened the reservations to white
settlement.
Many Indians sold or were cheated out of their
reservation land.
The Dawes Act
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The Dawes Act tried to reverse the damage of the
reservations by breaking them up.
Each Indian family was given a piece of reservation
land.
The remainder of the land was open to white
settlement.
Land-owning Indians could become U.S. citizens, but
they had to break tribal ties.
Tribal culture was weakened by the Dawes Act.
Boarding Schools
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Boarding schools took Indian children out of their
homes and away from their cultures.
Children were taught how to speak, dress, act, and
work like whites.
The experience was a culture shock.
Children were punished if they spoke their native
language.
The Road to Statehood
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To become a state, a territory needed:
- a population of at least 60,000 people
- a state constitution
- public schools
- basic civil rights for citizens
Creating the State Constitution
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Two constitutional conventions were held before
Washington became a state.
Delegates debated many issues, including:
- voting rights for women
- an end to Indian reservations
- segregated schools for black children
- prohibition of alcohol
Voters rejected these issues.
The U.S. Congress rejected Washington’s first
constitution.
A second constitution was approved, and
Washington was granted statehood in 1889.
Washington’s Constitution
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The governor has the power to veto bills or sections
of bills.
Compared to the U.S. Constitution, rights are more
specific and clear, such as:
- the right to privacy
- the right of a citizen to bear arms
The state is responsible for educating all children.
Indian Rights
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Washington’s constitution upholds tribal sovereignty
on Indian reservations.
However, the federal law is still supreme.