Transcript George W. Bush - St. Mary of Gostyn Community

Chapter 31 – America Looks to the Future
Section Notes
The End of the 20th Century
George W. Bush in Office
The Road Ahead
Video
The Impact of the
Government in Our
Daily Lives
Maps
Quick Facts
Life in the Twenty-First Century
Chapter 31 Visual Summary
The Persian Gulf War, 19901991
The Election of 2000
Images
Biography: Bill Clinton
Timeline: 9/11 and Beyond
Biography: George W. Bush
The Freedom Tower
Immigration Today
The End of the 20th Century
The Big Idea
The United States and the world faced many new challenges
at the end of the 20th century.
Main Ideas
• Major global changes took place during the presidency of
George H. W. Bush.
• During Bill Clinton’s presidency, the nation experienced
scandal, economic growth, and the rise of terrorist
threats.
Main Idea 1:
Major global changes took place during the
presidency of George H. W. Bush.
1988 Election
•
Reagan’s vice president, George H. W. Bush, defeated Democratic
candidate Michael Dukakis after a hard-fought campaign.
Cold War Ends
• Mikhail Gorbachev continued reforms in the Soviet Union while prodemocracy movements gained strength in Eastern Europe.
• October 1989, East Germans overthrew Communist government and
new government agreed to open borders.
– November 9, East and West Berliners smashed through the Berlin Wall, a
symbol of the Cold War.
• Soon, several Soviet republics declared independence and the Soviet
Union broke apart, marking the end of the Cold War.
The Persian Gulf War
• Iraq’s brutal dictator, Saddam Hussein, invaded neighboring
oil-rich Kuwait.
• United Nations called for immediate withdrawal.
– President Bush began assembling a coalition of nations to drive Iraq
from Kuwait.
• UN coalition launched Operation Desert Storm when Hussein
refused to withdraw.
– Air offensive led by U.S. generals Norman Schwarzkopf and Colin
Powell, the highest-ranking African American ever to serve in U.S.
military.
• After a six-week bombing campaign, UN forces invaded Kuwait
and Iraq soon agreed to a cease-fire.
– About 22,300 Iraqi soldiers and civilians were killed
– UN forces lost around 223 soldiers, 148 of which were American
– More than 35,000 American women served in the war in non-combat
positions.
Main Idea 2:
During Bill Clinton’s presidency, the nation
experienced scandal, economic growth, and
the rise of terrorist threats.
1992 Election
• Republican candidate: President George H. W. Bush
– Americans supported his handling of the Gulf War.
• Democratic candidate: Arkansas governor Bill Clinton
– Told voters he would focus on improving the struggling U.S. economy
• Clinton won a three-way race against Bush and Ross Perot, who
ran as an independent candidate.
Clinton and Congress
• Under President Clinton’s leadership Congress
– Passed a budget to reduce the deficit by cutting spending and raising
taxes; and
– Supported the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA),
which eliminated trade barriers between the United States, Canada,
and Mexico.
• In 1994 congressional elections, Republicans won a majority in
Congress for the first time since 1952.
– House minority leader Newt Gingrich spearheaded the victory with
promotion of a set of policies called the Contract with America,
promising lower taxes and smaller government.
Clinton’s Second Term
• In 1996 election Clinton won a second term by defeating
Senator Bob Dole of Kansas.
• Second Term was dominated by questions about Clinton’s
personal and official conduct.
– Charged with having an inappropriate relationship with a
White House intern and then lying about it under oath
• In 1998 the House of Representatives voted to impeach
Clinton, but the Senate acquitted him of charges.
– Scandal damaged Clinton’s public image.
A Dangerous World
• Collapse of Soviet Union left the United States as the world’s
only superpower.
• Clinton appointed Madeleine Albright as the first woman to be
secretary of state.
– Helped adapt U.S. foreign policy
• United States worked to protect global peace and democracy
– Helped to negotiate an end to war in Balkan region of Europe after
former nation of Yugoslavia broke apart
• Terrorism– the use of violence by individuals or small groups to
advance political goals– became a major issue in the 1990s.
– April 1995– American terrorists bombed an Oklahoma federal
building, killing 168 people.
– 1998– Hundreds killed in a bomb attacks on U.S. embassies in
Africa.
– Increasingly deadly attacks were made by extremist Islamic groups.
George W. Bush in Office
The Big Idea
George W. Bush led the country in response to terrorist
attacks and through domestic challenges.
Main Ideas
• George W. Bush won the disputed 2000 presidential
election.
• Americans debated the future of the War on Terror that
began after terrorists attacked the United States.
• The nation faced difficult challenges during President
Bush’s second term.
Main Idea 1:
George W. Bush won the disputed 2000
presidential election.
• United States at peace and enjoying economic prosperity at time
of 2000 election.
• Democratic candidate: Vice President Al Gore
– Said he would use budget surplus for education and health care
• Republican candidate: Texas governor George W. Bush, son of
former President George H. W. Bush
– Promised to return budget surplus to taxpayers in the form of tax
cuts
• Voting was very close
– It became clear that Florida’s twenty-five electoral votes would
determine the outcome of the election.
– Popular vote in Florida was so close that state law required the votes
to be recounted.
Election Results
Election Disputes
Bush’s Early Days in Office
• Machine recount found Bush
received a few hundred more
votes than Gore.
• Caused lasting bitterness
between Democrats and
Republicans.
• Gore supporters demanded a
recount by hand to ensure
proper counting.
• Bush appointed Colin Powell to
key position of secretary of
state, the first African
American to hold the office.
• Supreme Court ruled that
manual recounts could not
ensure all votes would be
counted in the same way.
• Florida’s votes went to Bush,
making him the first president
in more than 100 years to win
the electoral vote while
receiving fewer popular votes.
• Signed into law $1.35 trillion
tax-cut plan
• Signed into law a reform plan
called No Child Left Behind,
creating a national set of
educational standards and
increasing school funding
Main Idea 2:
Americans debated the future of the War on
Terror that began after terrorists attacked
the United States.
• On September 11, 2001, terrorists seized four commercial
planes, intending to fly them into major targets.
– Two planes crashed into and destroyed the World Trade
Center, an important business center in New York City.
– One plane crashed into the Pentagon– the headquarters of
the Department of Defense located just outside Washington,
D.C.
– A fourth plane crashed in a Pennsylvania field after
passengers began fighting back against the terrorists.
• Thousands of Americans were killed in the attacks,
including emergency rescue workers.
The Nation Pulls Together
• The tragedy brought Americans together.
– There was an outpouring of support from foreign leaders and U.S.
citizens.
• President Bush promised to find and punish those responsible for
the attacks.
• U.S. officials determined that the hijackers were members of a
fundamentalist Islamic terrorist group called al Qaeda, or “the
Base.”
– Led by a wealthy Saudi Arabian exile, Osama bin Laden
– Group based in Afghanistan where the Taliban, an extreme Islamic
government, ruled the country
• Taliban leaders refused to turn over bin Laden, and the United
States prepared for military action.
The Fight Against Terrorism
•
In October 2001 the United States began air strikes in Afghanistan.
•
By December U.S. forced had driven Taliban from power and captured
many al Qaeda members.
– Began helping Afghanistan to rebuild and establish a democratic government
•
In 2002 UN inspectors were sent to Iraq to ensure that Iraqi leader
Saddam Hussein fulfilled his promise to give up weapons of mass
destruction– chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons that can kill
thousands.
– Saddam interfered with inspectors’ work.
– UN members could not agree on how to handle the crisis.
•
On March 23, 2003, the United States and a coalition of allies launched
an attack on Iraq.
•
By December 2003 Saddam’s government had collapsed and Saddam
was captured.
– U.S. officials began working with Iraqis to establish a democratic government.
– Violence continued.
Debates at Home
• War in Iraq caused fierce debate at home.
– Supporters of the war argued that removing Hussein from power was
an important part of the war on terror.
– Critics doubted that Saddam had posed a serious threat to the United
States as no weapons of mass destruction were found and no
concrete ties to al Qaeda could be proved.
• Democratic nominee: Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts
– Argued that Bush rushed into war.
• Republican nominee: President George Bush
– Insisted that the war had made Americans safer and brought
freedom to millions of Iraqis.
• Bush won the election with 286 electoral votes to Kerry’s 251.
Main Idea 3:
The nation faced difficult challenges during
President Bush’s second term.
• After the 2004 election, four of the president’s cabinet members
stepped down.
– Condoleezza Rice became the first African American woman to be
appointed secretary of state.
– Alberto Gonzales became the first Hispanic attorney general.
• In 2005 two vacancies opened on the Supreme Court, and
President Bush nominated replacements.
• Bush’s administration faced major domestic challenges in August
2005 when Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast region.
– New Orleans was hardest hit, where thousands of residents who
weathered the storm in the city were left with few or no resources
and no way to evacuate.
– Many criticized the local, state, and federal governments for what
they believed was an inadequate response to the crisis.
– The Bush administration worked to step up the response to states
hardest hit by the disaster.
The Road Ahead
The Big Idea
The United States continues to grow and change as we move
ahead in the 21st century.
Main Ideas
• The American economy and job market are changing.
• Technological advances continue to solve everyday
problems.
• The Americans are a diverse people united by shared
ideals.
Main Idea 1:
The American economy and job market are
changing.
• Americans have many concerns for the future.
– Terrorism and continuing violence in Iraq
– Economy and availability of jobs
– Health care costs, education, immigration, and the environment
– Growing national debt
• American economy and job market have experienced important
ups and downs.
– 1990s– stock market boomed and unemployment fell to its lowest
level in 30 years.
– In the late 1990s when the Internet companies and high-tech firms
that helped drive the stock market up failed to turn a profit, the stock
market dropped and unemployment rose.
– American manufacturing industry is on decline.
– U.S. is moving toward becoming a service economy in which most
people have jobs providing services rather than producing goods.
Globalization
• Globalization– growing connections among economies and
cultures all over the world– is an ongoing change in the U.S.
economy.
– Multinational corporations, companies that do business in more than
one country, play an important role.
– In 1995 more than 120 nations joined to form the World Trade
Organization to promote international trade by removing political and
economic barriers among nations.
• Americans have different opinions on how globalization will affect
the United States.
– Supporters believe it will lead to increased U.S. exports, new jobs,
and a stronger economy.
– Opponents worry that Americans will lose jobs as U.S. companies
move operations to countries where wages are lower.
Main Idea 2:
Technological advances continue to solve
everyday problems.
• Technological innovation continues to have dramatic effects on
life in the United States and around the world.
• The Internet has changed everyday life.
– It is a global system of computer networks in which people anywhere
in the world can communicate and share information.
– Makes accessing and sharing of information fast and easy.
– The Information Revolution developed as Internet use exploded in
the 1990s.
– Excitement helped fuel the economic boom of the 1990s.
– Internet use continues to grow rapidly around the world today.
Other Technological Advances
Medical Research
Environment
• In 2003, scientists completed
the Human Genome Project
identifying the genes in
human DNA.
• In the 1980s, the United
States and more than 100
other nations banned the use
of chemicals that were
harming the ozone layer– a
thin layer of gas in the
atmosphere that blocks
harmful solar rays.
• Scientists continue the fight
against AIDS, Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome,
as they develop new drugs
and treatments.
• Scientists are working to
develop better understanding
of global warming, climate
change affecting the entire
world.
• Important advances in
understanding genetics and
illness
Mechanical Innovation
• Concerns about global warming and high oil prices have
encouraged development of new transportation
technologies.
– Development of hybrid cars that use less gas because they
run partially on batteries.
– Development of vehicles that run entirely on hydrogen,
releasing no pollution into the air.
• Looking to space
– In 2003 NASA landed robotic vehicles on Mars.
– Human exploration continues on the International Space
Station and through manned shuttle flights.
Main Idea 3:
The Americans are a diverse people united
by shared ideals.
• American population will continue to grow and change
through the 21st century.
– U.S. Census Bureau reports that U.S. population is more
ethnically diverse than ever before.
– Immigration patterns influence change.
• Diversity in America grows
• Americans of all backgrounds share belief in many basic
ideals.
– Commitment to ideals of freedom, equality, and justice
– Dedication to responsibilities of citizenship
– Hopes and dreams of the future
Click window above to start playing.