Transcript united states history, gps 25, chs. 30-34

UNITED STATES HISTORY, GPS
25, CHS. 30-34
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SSUSH25 The student will describe changes in national politics since
1968.
a. Describe President Richard M. Nixon’s opening of China, his resignation due to the
Watergate scandal, changing attitudes toward government, and the Presidency of
Gerald Ford.
b. Explain the impact of Supreme Court decisions on ideas about civil liberties and
civil rights; include such decisions as Roe v. Wade (1973) and the Bakke decision on
affirmative action.
c. Explain the Carter administration’s efforts in the Middle East; include the Camp
David Accords, his response to the 1979 Iranian Revolution, and the Iranian hostage
crisis.
d. Describe domestic and international events of Ronald Reagan’s presidency;
include Reaganomics, the Iran-contra scandal, and the collapse of the Soviet Union.
e. Explain the relationship between Congress and President Bill Clinton; include the
North American Free Trade Agreement and his impeachment and acquittal.
f. Analyze the 2000 presidential election and its outcome, emphasizing the role of the
electoral college.
g. Analyze the response of President George W. Bush to the attacks of September
11, 2001, on the United States, the war against terrorism, and the subsequent
American interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq.
CHANGES IN NATIONAL
POLITICS, 1960S TO PRESENT
SCOTUS CASES, 1970S
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1.ROE V. WADE, 1973,
, is a United States
Supreme Court case
that resulted in a
landmark decision
regarding abortion.
According to the Roe
decision, most laws
against abortion in the
United States violated
a constitutional right
to privacy under the
Due Process Clause of
the Fourteenth
Amendment.
SCOTUS
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2. Regents of the University of
California v. Bakke, (1978) was a
landmark decision of the Supreme Court
of the United States on affirmative action.
It bars quota systems in college
admissions but affirms the
constitutionality of affirmative action
programs giving equal access to
minorities.
3.THIS CASE EXPANDED CIVIL RIGHTS.
PRESIDENT RICHARD M.
NIXON’S ADMINISTRATION
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1.1969-1974
2.PRC (CHINA) VISIT
3.WATERGATE SCANDAL
PRESIDENT NIXON AND THE PEOPLES’
REPUBLIC OF CHINA (PRC)
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A. WHY?
1)SCIENTIFIC, CULTURAL, AND
TRADE AGREEMENTS
2)TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF
STANDOFF BETWEEN PRC AND USSR
DURING COLD WAR
NIXON AND PRC
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U.S. President Richard Nixon's
1972 visit to the People's
Republic of China was an important
step in formally normalizing relations
between the United States and the
People's Republic of China. It marked
the first time a U.S. president had
visited the PRC, who at that time
considered the U.S. one of its
staunchest foes.
NIXON AND PRC
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Improved relations with the USSR
and the People’s Republic of China
(PRC) are often cited as the most
successful diplomatic achievements
of Nixon’s presidency.
RICHARD NIXON AND MAO ZEDONG
WATERGATE
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The Watergate scandals were a
series of American political scandals
during the presidency of Richard
Nixon that resulted in the indictment
of several of Nixon's closest advisors,
and ultimately his resignation on
August 9, 1974.
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The scandals began with the arrest of five
men for breaking and entering into the
Democratic National Committee
headquarters at the Watergate Office
complex in Washington, D.C. on June 17,
1972. Investigations conducted by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and
later by the Senate Watergate Committee,
House Judiciary Committee and the press
revealed that this burglary was one of
many illegal activities authorized and
carried out by Nixon's staff and loyalists.
PRESIDENT GERALD R. FORD’S
ADMINISTRATION
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1.1974-1977
2.PARDONED NIXON
3.END OF VIETNAM WAR
4.ONLY PRESIDENT NEVER ELECTED
NATIONALLY
PRESIDENT JAMES E. CARTER’S
ADMINISTRATION
1. 1977-1981
 2. PEACE IN THE MIDDLE EAST, CAMP
DAVID ACCORDS, 1978, PEACE BETWEEN
EGYPT AND ISRAEL
 3.IRANIAN REVOLUTION, 1978, IRAN
REPLACED IRANIAN KING
(SHAH) FRIENDLY TO USA WITH
ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS LEADER
UNFRIENDLY TO USA
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4.CARTER ALLOWED SHAH TO ENTER USA
FOR MEDICAL TREATMENT.
5.RESULT: IRANIAN HOSTAGE CRISIS,
IRANIAN ISLAMIC REVOLUTIONARIES
INVADED USA EMBASSY IN TEHERAN,
IRAN, AND TOOK 52 AMERICANS
CAPTIVE, WHICH LASTED 444 DAYS.
6.CAPTIVES RELEASED UNDER
PRESIDENT RONALD REAGAN
7.RISE OF ANTI-AMERICAN FEELINGS IN
THE ISLAMIC WORLD
SHAH OF IRAN AND FAMILY
RONALD REAGAN’S
ADMINISTRATION
PRESIDENT RONALD REAGAN’S
ADMINISTRATION
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1.1981-1989
2.DECREASED SIZE AND ROLE OF
FED
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3.REAGANOMICS
1)NICKNAME FOR ECO. POLICY
2)BUDGET AND TAX CUTS
3)INCREASED DEFENSE SPENDING
4.IRAN-CONTRA SCANDAL
1)WEAPONS WERE SOLD TO IRAN
(ENEMY OF USA)
2)MONEY FROM SALES FUNDED A
REBELLION IN NICARAGUA
SUPPORTED BY USA LED BY
CONTRAS (COUNTER
REVOLUTIONARIES) AGAINST THE
SANDINISTAS
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The Iran-Contra affair was a political scandal which was
revealed in November 1986 as a result of earlier events during the
Reagan administration. It began as an operation to increase U.S.Iranian relations, wherein Israel would ship weapons to a
moderate, politically influential group of Iranians opposed to the
Ayatollah Khomeini; the U.S. would reimburse Israel for those
weapons and receive payment from Israel. The moderate Iranians
agreed to do everything in their power to achieve the release of
six U.S. hostages, who were being held by Hezbollah. The plan
eventually deteriorated into an arms-for-hostages scheme, in
which members of the executive branch sold weapons to Iran in
exchange for the release of the American hostages, without the
direct authorization of President Ronald Reagan. Large
modifications to the plan were conjured by Lieutenant Colonel
Oliver North of the National Security Council in late 1985. In
North's plan, a portion of the proceeds from the weapon sales was
diverted to fund anti-Sandinista and anti-communist rebels, or
Contras, in Nicaragua. While President Ronald Reagan was a
supporter of the Contra cause, there has not been any evidence
uncovered showing that he authorized this plan.
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5.THE COLLAPSE OF COMMUNIST USSR
1)MIKHAIL GORBACHEV, THE LAST
LEADER OF THE USSR, SET UP POLICIES
ALLOWING FREEDOMS LEADING TO
DEMOCRACY
2)THESE REFORMS “SNOWBALLED”
BREAKING UP THE 15 REPUBLICS WHICH
COMPRISED THE USSR.
3)REPUBLICS ARE NOW INDEPENDENT
NATIONS
4)END OF THE COLD WAR
GEORGE HERBERT WALKER
BUSH’S ADMINISTRATION
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1.1989-1993
2.SUPPORTED OPERATION DESERT STORM TO
LIBERATE NATION OF KUWAIT FROM INVADING
IRAQ
3. The Persian Gulf War or Gulf War (2 August
1990 – 28 February 1991) was a United Nationsauthorized military conflict between Iraq and a
coalition force from 34 nations commissioned
with expelling Iraqi forces from Kuwait after
Iraq's occupation and annexation of Kuwait in
August of 1990.
4. AKA, FIRST GULF WAR
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4. The majority of the military forces
participating were from the United States
and the United Kingdom.
5. Aerial and ground combat was confined
to Iraq, Kuwait, and bordering areas of
Saudi Arabia. Iraq also launched missiles
against targets in Saudi Arabia and Israel
in retaliation for their support of the
invading forces in Kuwait.
COALITION FORCES,
OPERATION DESERT STORM,
1990-1991
OPERATION DESERT STORM
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GEORGE H.W.
BUSH
WILLIAM JEFFERSON “BILL”
CLINTON’S ADMINISTRATION
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1.1993-2001
2.NAFTA, 1993, NORTH AMERICAN
FREE TRADE AGREEMENT, FREETRADE ZONE (TARIFF-FREE)
BETWEEN USA, CAN, MEX
NAFTA, USA, MEX, CAN
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3.SECOND PRESIDENT IN USA HISTORY
TO BE IMPEACHED, CHARGED AND
FOUND GUILTY OF PERJURY AND
OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE
1)IMPROPER USE OF MONEY FROM LAND
SALE
2)LIED UNDER OATH ABOUT IMPROPER
RELATIONSHIP WITH A WHITE HOUSE
INTERN-WORKER
THE 2000 PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTION
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1.BILL CLINTON’S VICE PRESIDENT,
AL GORE V. TEXAS GOVERNOR,
GEORGE W. BUSH, AND 3RD PARTY
CANDIDATE, RALPH NADER
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2.ONE OF THE CLOSEST
PRESIDENTIAL RACES IN HISTORY
OF USA
3.GORE WON POPULAR VOTE BY
500,000 VOTES BUT BUSH WON
ELECTORAL VOTE
4.R-BUSH-271, D-GORE266…ELECTORAL VOTES
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The election featured a controversy
over who won Florida's 25 electoral
votes (and thus the presidency), the
recount process in that state, and
the unusual event that the losing
candidate had received more popular
votes than the winner.
GEORGE BUSH’S
ADMINISTRATION
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1.2001 TO PRESENT
2.SEPTEMBER 11, 2001; AL-QAEDA
TERRORISTS ATTACKED THE WORLD
TRADE CENTER, NYC, NY
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The September 11 attacks (often
referred to as nine-eleven, written
9/11) were a series of coordinated
suicide attacks by al-Qaeda, led by Osama
Bin Laden, upon the United States on
September 11, 2001. On that morning, 19
Islamist terrorists affiliated with al-Qaeda
hijacked four commercial passenger jet
airliners. The hijackers intentionally
crashed two of the airliners into the Twin
Towers of the World Trade Center in New
York City, killing everyone on board and
many others working in the building.
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Both buildings collapsed within two hours,
destroying at least two nearby buildings
and damaging others. The hijackers
crashed a third airliner into the Pentagon.
The fourth plane crashed into a field near
Shanksville in rural Somerset County,
Pennsylvania, after some of its passengers
and flight crew attempted to retake
control of the plane, which the hijackers
had redirected toward Washington, D.C.
There are no survivors from any of the
flights.
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Excluding the 19 hijackers, 2,974 people
died in the attacks. Another 24 are
missing and presumed dead. The
overwhelming majority of casualties were
civilians, including nationals of over 90
different countries.
The United States responded to the
attacks by launching a War on Terrorism,
invading Afghanistan to depose the
Taliban, who had harbored al-Qaeda
terrorists, and enacting the USA PATRIOT
Act.
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PART OF THE PATRIOT ACT
ALLOWED U.S. GOVT TO HOLD
FOREIGN CITIZENS SUSPECTED OF
BEING TERRORISTS UP TO 7 DAYS
ALSO ALLOWED SEARCH OF PRIVATE
COMMUNICATIONS
CREATION OF HOMELAND SECURITY
DEPT. IN PRESIDENT’S CABINET
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3.OCT., 2001, IN RESPONSE TO
TERRORIST ATTACKS, OPERATION
ENDURING FREEDOM
1)INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN BY USA
AND ALLIES
2)AFGHANISTAN’S GOVT WAS LED BY
TERRORIST GROUP, TALIBAN, WHICH
PROTECTED AL-QAEDA.
3)AL-QAEDA TERRORIST NETWORK WAS
DESTROYED BUT OSAMA BIN LADEN
ESCAPED.
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4.WAR ON TERRORISM
1)USA AND INTERNATIONAL
COALITION (GROUP) OF NATIONS
2)GOAL: DEFEAT TERRORIST
GROUPS
3)MARCH, 2003, OPERATION IRAQI
FREEDOM, SECOND GULF WAR
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The Iraq War, or the Occupation
of Iraq, is an ongoing military
campaign which began in March,
2003, with the invasion of Iraq by a
multinational force led by and
composed largely of United States
and United Kingdom troops. The
force was supported by smaller
contingents from Australia, Denmark,
Poland and other nations.
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Prior to the war, Iraq's alleged
possession of weapons of mass
destruction (WMD) was claimed to
pose a serious and imminent threat
to the security of the United States
and its coalition allies.
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The invasion led to the quick defeat of the Iraqi
military, and the eventual capture and execution
of Saddam Hussein. The U.S.-led coalition
occupied Iraq and attempted to establish a new
democratic government; however, violence
against coalition forces and among various
sectarian groups soon led to warfare with the
Iraqi insurgency, strife between many Sunni and
Shia Iraqi groups, and al-Qaeda operations in
Iraq. Estimates of the number of Iraqis killed
through 2007 range from 150,000 to more than
1,000,000.