Transcript The Cold War

The Cold War
 The communist threat
 1945-1990
An Iron Curtain Falls
 Having seen what political and economic
instability could do, the
was
determined to take an
role in
rebuilding
.
 Having seen what political and economic
instability could do, the United States was
determined to take an active role in
rebuilding Europe.
Chopping Up Germany
 Who were the three major allied leaders of
WWII?
 Winston Churchill
 Joseph Stalin
 Franklin Roosevelt
Chopping Up Germany
 West Germany and West Berlin were occupied
by who?
 American, French, and British armed forces.
 East Germany and East Berlin were occupied
by who?
 The Soviet Union
Rebuilding Europe:
The Marshall Plan
 .
proposed a plan to provide
massive financial aid to help rebuild
and stop the spread of
.
 George C. Marshall proposed a plan to
provide massive financial aid to help rebuild
European economies and stop the spread of
communism.
Dividing Berlin
 In June 1948 Stalin came up with a plan to
starve West Berlin by doing what?
 Blocking Western Allies’ rail lines and roads.
 Why would he do this?
 To force the people of West Berlin to use
Soviet supplies.
Communism
 What is it?
 Government owns everything.
 A single political party or a dictator makes the
decisions.
 Everyone makes the same amount of money.
Dr.’s might only make a little more than a
street cleaner.
Capitalism
 What is capitalism?
 Businesses are privately owned.
 If you work hard and get a good education
you can make a lot of money.
 JUST LIKE THE U.S.A. !!!!
A Wall Rises
 The people of West Germany embraced
and resumed
.
 The people of West Germany embraced
democracy and resumed self-government.
 Eastern Germany remained under the control
of who?
 The Soviet Union
Japan’s New Path
 Following the bombings of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki, who occupied Japan?
 American armed forces.
A Democratic Japan
 Japan adopted what type of government?
 A democratic government.
 Soon Japan began to
themselves
and became a
ally of the U.S.
 Soon Japan began to self-govern themselves
and became a strong ally of the U.S.
A Changing Society
 After years of making do with old/used items
Americans wanted what?
 They wanted new items, many of which were
unavailable during the war/depression.
 We go from war production to consumer
production.
Women and Work
 What happened to all of the women workers
once the men came home from WWII?
 They went back to be home makers. By the
1960’s many came back to work, even though
they did not receive equal pay for equal work.
Join a Union,
Get a Raise
 Many labor unions came out of the new deal,
how did they help American workers?
 They helped workers get better pay and new
benefits.
Buy Now, Pay Later
 The credit card was created for what?
 To let Americans buy restaurant meals on
credit. Later they were used for gas, clothes,
electronics, etc.
What is a Cold War?
 Cold War:
 The state of tension without actual fighting
between the United States and the Soviet
Union, which divided the world into two
camps.
 One side championed Democracy and one
who believed in Communism.
Democracy vs. Dictatorship
 What differences are there between the
United States and the Soviet Union?
 United States- democratic and capitalist
 Soviet Union- dictatorial and communist
As the Threat Spread
 The Soviet Union controlled most of what?
 Eastern Europe- Eastern Germany, Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and
Bulgaria.
 What is a “puppet government”?
 In this case governments that did what Soviet
leaders told them to do.
A New Policy
 President Truman adopted a policy of what?
 Policy of containment- which called for the
use of military support, financial aid, and
diplomatic pressure to slow the spread of
Communism.
Domino Effect
 What is the Domino Effect?
 The fear that if one country falls to
communism, they all fall.
A New Pact: NATO
 NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
 A pact between ten Western European
countries, Canada, and the United States
Warsaw Pact
 In response the Soviets made the Warsaw
Pact which included who?
 Eight Eastern European countries.
Korea: 1950-1953
 Why did President Truman send troops to
Korea?
 Because the North Korean attack was
aggressive and it should be resisted.
Korea: 1950-1953
 How did the conflict end?
 It ended in a stalemate. The line remained
almost exactly were it had been in June 1950.
The Cuban Missile Crisis
 What is Cuba’s tie to the Soviet Union?
 Fidel Castro started a communist revolution
and overthrew the Cuban government.
The Cuban Missile Crisis
 How did the U.S. respond to the missile
threat?
 Kennedy ordered a naval “quarantine” or U.S.
Naval blockade of Cuba to stop any supplies
from going in or out.
 What did the Soviets do in response to the
blockade?
 After 13 days the Soviets dismantled the
missiles.
The Vietnam War: 1950-1973
 Why did America send troops to the Vietnam
War?
 To stop the “domino” of Vietnam falling to
Communism.
 How did Americans respond to the Vietnam
War?
 Many Americans were divided over whether
we should be involved.
The Vietnam War: 1950-1973
 In what year did the U.S. withdraw from
Vietnam?
 In 1973 because of the Paris Peace Accords.
Vietnam Divides Our Nation
 Why were Americans divided about the
Vietnam War?
 We had been fighting for so long that no one
was even sure who or what we were fighting
for.
 “doves”-for peace
 “hawks”- for war
Protests in the Soviet Union
 What did the breaking free of independent
countries do to the Soviet Union?
 It started the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Empty Shelves and Long Lines
 What three reforms did Gorbachev suggest?
 “openness”- freedom of speech
 “restructuring”- a new economic system
 Bringing democracy to the Russians in open
elections.
A Changing Map of Europe
 The Soviet Union broke into what?
 Several independent nations- Russian
Federation, Lithuania, and Ukraine.
Cold War No More
 The symbol of division between the Soviet
Union and the rest of the world was what?
 The Berlin Wall- November 9, 1989
 30 years after the wall had been put up.