Transcript Nationalism

TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Nationalism Before the Civil War
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Objectives
• Analyze the causes and effects of nationalism
on domestic policy during the years following
the War of 1812.
• Describe the impact of nationalism on the
nation’s foreign policy.
• Summarize the struggle over the issue of
slavery as the nation grew.
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Terms and People
• nationalism – a spirit of loyalty and devotion to
one’s country
• Henry Clay – a leading advocate of economic
nationalism who proposed the American System
• American System – Clay’s plan for federally
sponsored internal improvements and protective
tariffs to promote commerce and link all sections
of the United States
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Terms and People (continued)
• John Quincy Adams – Secretary of State under
James Madison and son of President John Adams
• Adams-Onís Treaty – treaty negotiated by John
Quincy Adams to purchase Florida from Spain
• Monroe Doctrine – policy warning European
monarchies not to interfere with Latin American
republics in return for U.S. noninterference
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Terms and People (continued)
• Missouri Compromise – 1820 compromise
balancing the admission of Missouri as a slave
state with the admission of Maine as a free
state and setting a line across the continent
dividing future free and slave states
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How did domestic and foreign policies
reflect the nationalism of the times?
After the War of 1812, nationalism affected
economic and foreign policy and began to
create a sense of national identity.
Supreme Court rulings supported nationalism
by favoring federal power.
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Under President
James Monroe,
the Democratic
Republicans
enjoyed an
“era of good
feelings.”
The party backed nationalistic
economic policies that used
federal power to assist business
and industry.
This focus on business was a
change from the government’s
earlier support of agriculture and
a weak federal government.
With so little political fighting,
some believed that political
parties might disappear.
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Henry Clay campaigned for a
nationalistic economic policy
called the American System,
which included
• High tariffs to protect industrial growth
• Internal improvements, such as roads
and canals, to link different sections of
the nation
Clay believed different regions could work together
for the prosperity of the entire nation.
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Clay favored reestablishment of a national bank
to control the nation’s money supply and banking.
The First National Bank’s charter expired in 1811.
Private and state banks were printing their own money,
causing widespread uncertainty about its value.
Clay argued that control over the nation’s money supply
and banking would restore confidence.
As a result, Congress established the second Bank of
the United States in 1816.
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The Supreme Court strengthened federal
power under Chief Justice John Marshall.
Marshall first applied Federalist principles when he
supported Judicial Review in Marbury v. Madison.
In Dartmouth College v. Woodward and Fletcher v. Peck,
Marshall limited the power of state governments to
interfere with business contracts.
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In McCulloch v. Maryland
(1819), Marshall asserted
the superiority of federal
law over state laws.
• The state of Maryland
tried to tax a branch of
the Second National Bank.
• Marshall ruled that the
power to tax is the power
to destroy and a state
cannot use taxes to
destroy a bank created by
Congress.
• The ruling broadly defined
commerce and the power
of Congress to control it.
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An interconnected national economy
resulted in cycles of “boom or bust.”
During busts farmers often blamed the
banks for their difficulties.
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• James Fenimore
An American
Renaissance
in art and
literature
reflected the
nationalistic
spirit of
the time.
Cooper wrote a series
of novels known as
The Leatherstocking
Tales, creating the
genre of frontier
adventure stories.
• Nathaniel Hawthorne
wrote about New
England’s Puritan
past in novels such
as The Scarlet Letter.
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Painters of the Hudson River School celebrated the
beauty and majesty of the American land. This view of
the Connecticut River was painted by Thomas Cole.
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• President Monroe feared
France or Spain might
retake newly independent
republics in Latin America.
American nationalism
was also reflected in
the Monroe Doctrine.
• Monroe warned European
monarchies they had no
business in the Americas
and promised that the
United States would not
involve itself in Europe.
• In 1823, the United States
was incapable of enforcing
the Monroe Doctrine, but in
time the doctrine became a
cornerstone of American
foreign policy.
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United States policy toward Florida
reflected nationalism.
In 1818, Andrew Jackson invaded Florida to fight the
Seminole Indians who harbored runaway slaves.
Madison’s Secretary of State John Quincy Adams
concluded the Adams-Onís Treaty by which the
United States purchased Florida from Spain.
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Despite nationalistic feelings, sectional
differences remained strong.
• In 1819, Missouri sought admission as a
slave-owning state.
• Acceptance would upset the balance between free
and slave-owning states in the U.S. Senate.
• A northern proposal to ban slavery as the price of
Missouri’s admission caused debate.
• The slavery debate worried many. Thomas
Jefferson likened it to a “fire-bell in the night.”
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Henry Clay
averted a
crisis with
the Missouri
Compromise
of 1820.
• Maine and Missouri became
states at that time—one free,
the other slave.
• A line was drawn across the
territories; any new state
south of Missouri’s southern
border would be a slave state,
anything north a free state.
Still, Southerners were worried. They blamed the Missouri
debates when Denmark Vesey, a black freedman, planned
an unsuccessful slave revolt in 1822.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.