Transcript The Columbian Exchange

The Columbian Exchange
Two Worlds Meet
The
Columbian
Exchange
• Voyages launched large-scale contact between Europe and Americas.
• Interaction with Native Americans led to sweeping cultural changes.
• Contact between the two groups led to the widespread exchange of
plants, animals, and disease—the Columbian Exchange.
The Exchange of Goods
Sharing Discoveries
• Plants, animals developed in very
different ways in hemispheres
• Arrival of Europeans in Americas
changed all this
• Europeans—no potatoes, corn,
sweet potatoes, turkeys
• Previously unknown foods taken
back to Europe
• People in Americas—no coffee,
oranges, rice, wheat, sheep, cattle
• Familiar foods brought to Americas
by colonists
The introduction of beasts of burden to the Americas was a significant
development from the Columbian Exchange. The introduction of the horse
provided people in the Americas with a new source of labor and transportation.
New plants to the “Old World”
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Potato
Corn
Tomato
Sweet Potato
Cacao (Cocoa)
Pineapples
Pumpkins
Tobacco
**The
Europeans loved the Tobacco
Notice Italy did NOT have tomatoes
until the Columbian Exchange.
“Old World” Diseases
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Smallpox
Measles
Diphteria
Chicken Pox
Bubonic Plague
Influenza
Cholera
Malaria
*Infecting many Native Americans
Small pox-trunk of
victim
Bubonic Plague Victim
What the “New World” brought to
Europe
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Syphilis
Hepatitis
Polio
Tuberculosis
Polio-deformed
legs
Lung of victim:
Tuberculosis
Mercantilism
New Economic Policy
• Founding of colonies, new
goods in Europe led to
significant changes
• 1500s, Europeans developed
new economic policy,
mercantilism
Intense Competition
• Wealth measured by amount of
gold, silver possessed by nation
• Mercantilists believed there was
fixed amount of wealth in world
• Nation’s strength depended on
its wealth
• For one nation to become
wealthier, more powerful—had
to take wealth, power away
from another nation
• Wealthy nation had power for
military and expanded influence
• Mercantilism led to intense
competition between nations
Controlling Sources
• Nation that controlled own sources would not
need to import from competing nations
• Why important
– Country did not need to spend own money to obtain
raw materials
– Foreign countries considered rivals, might become
active enemy, cut off supply of raw materials
• European nations worked to become more selfsufficient
• Nations began to establish colonies
Cultural Diffusion
• The spread of ideas, customs, and
technologies from one people to another.
• Cultural diffusion occurs through
migration, trade and welfare.
Long Term Causes:
Immediate Causes:
Columbian
Exchange
Immediate Effects:
Long Term Effects:
Find the Main Idea
What were two lasting effects of the
Columbian Exchange?
Answer(s): possible answers—changes in
cuisine, changes in crops grown around the world,
epidemics
Long Term Causes:
Immediate Causes:
•God
•Europeans arrive in the Americas
•Gold
•Europeans bring new plants, animals
and diseases to the Americas
•Glory
Columbian
Exchange
Immediate Effects:
Long Term Effects:
•Spanish conquer Aztecs and Incas
•Spread of products all around the world
•Native Americans die of European diseases
•Population growth in Europe, Asia, and
Africa
•Enslaved Africans are brought to the
Americas
•American foods are introduced to other parts
of the world
•Cultural diffusion
•Migration from Europe to the Americas
•Growth of Capitalism
According to the diagram, the diet of western Europeans changed
because of—
(a )new technologies in food packaging
(b) the development of new breeds of livestock
(c) the use of the first food preservatives
(d) the introduction of new foods from the Americas
Immigration
Colonies
Building colonial empires essential to mercantilist system
Colonies
• European powers wanted to
establish colonies
Strict Laws
• Monarchs restricted economic
activities in colonies
– To control sources of raw
materials
• Colonists could not sell raw
materials to other countries
– To provide new markets for
manufactured goods
• Could not buy manufactured
goods from other nations
• To mercantilist, colonies
existed only to benefit home
country
• Strict laws forbade colonies
from manufacturing goods
• Forced to buy only from home
country
Impact on Society
Many Changes
Rural Life
• Changes taking place because
of colonization
• Impact of colonization not felt
throughout society
• Had impact on European
societies
• Rural life continued as it had for
centuries
• Towns cities grew as business
activity increased
• Generations would pass before
many began to grow new foods
from Americas
• New class of wealthier
merchants emerged, began to
wield more power in their towns
• Most people remained poor
Colonies gain Independence
• What date was the Declaration of Independence
Signed?
July 4th 1776
America Thrives as an Independent
Country
• Proving many countries wrong- The United States of
America becomes stronger and stronger
• With the United states expanding westward and
Russia expanding Eastward boundaries got tight
Monroe Doctrine
• Passed by congress
through President
Monroe.
• Stated that European
countries had no
business in Western
Hemisphere affairs.
• NO COLONIZATION
• NO INTERVENTION
• TRADE PARTNERS
ONLY
Based on the cartoon, which of the following best explains the impact of the
Monroe Doctrine?
(A) The United States would not allow foreign nations to form alliances.
(B) The United States would not allow further European colonization in the
Western Hemisphere.
(c) The United States would serve as a negotiator between European nations.
(D) The United States would protect the economic interests of Europe.