Transcript Slide 1

The Mexican War
Manifest Destiny
continued
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The Mexican War
• How did the United States gain
Oregon and Texas?
• What were the causes and results
of the United States war with
Mexico?
• What new lands did the United
States acquire as a result of the
Mexican War?
• How did a mix of cultures shape
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California and the Southwest?
The United States Gains
Oregon
Oregon
• President Polk wanted
Oregon all the way to the
northern border of 54° 40’
North. An election slogan
was:
“Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!”
• The United States and
Britain agreed to a
compromise in 1846. The
two countries divided
Oregon at latitude 49°N
latitude.
• Later, the Oregon Territory
became the states of
Oregon (1859),
Washington(1889), and
Idaho(1890).
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The United States Gains
Texas
Texas
• In 1844, Texan president Sam Houston
signed a treaty of annexation with the United
States.
• Fearing war with Mexico, the United States
Senate refused to ratify the treaty.
• Houston pretended that Texas might ally itself
with Britain. This move prompted Congress to
pass a joint resolution admitting Texas to the
Union.
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The Mexican War
1846 to 1848
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Division over the war
• Americans were not in total
agreement over a war with
Mexico.
• In general, southerners and
westerners supported the war.
• Many in the north opposed the war
because they thought it would
spread slavery.
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Division over the war
• Frederick
Douglass, a former
slave, was against
the war.
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Causes & Effects
 The U.S. annexes
Texas
 Polk wanted to
acquire California
and New Mexico
 Polk provokes
Mexico by getting
it to attack U.S.
soldiers in the
disputed area of
Texas
 The Treaty of
Guadalupe
Hidalgo ends the
war(1848)
 Mexico gives up a
large piece of
land
(Mexican Cession)
 The U.S. extends
its borders to the
Pacific Ocean
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Causes and Results of
the Mexican War
Causes
Mexico did not accept Texan independence and was outraged by the
United States annexation of Texas.
Americans resented Mexico’s rejection of President Polk’s offer to buy
California and New Mexico.
A border dispute sparked war. Both nations claimed land between the Rio
Grande and the Nueces River and sent troops into the area. President Polk
claimed Mexico had invaded American soil and asked Congress to declare
war
Results
During the war, Americans in northern California revolted against Mexican
rule and declared California an independent republic, the Bear Flag
Republic.
In the fighting, the United States won control of all of New Mexico and
California.
In a battle at Chapultepec near Mexico City, American forces took over the
Mexican capital, despite brave fighting by Mexican soldiers.
The Mexican government moved to make peace. In 1848, it signed the
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, ending the war.
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The Mexican War
The last part of Polk’s plan was to capture
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Mexico City.
The United States
Acquires New Lands
In the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, Mexico had to
cede, or give up, some of its lands.
– Mexico ceded all of California and New Mexico to the
United States. These lands were called the Mexican
Cession.
– In return, the United States paid Mexico $15 million.
– The United States agreed to respect the rights of
Spanish-speaking people in the Mexican Cession.
In 1853, the United States bought the Gadsden
Purchase.
– The United States wanted to build a railroad across an
area that is now the southern part of Arizona and New
Mexico.
– The United States paid Mexico $10 million for the strip
of land, known as the Gadsden Purchase.
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Expansion of the U.S.
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Expansion of the U.S.
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Expansion of the U.S.
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A Mix of Cultures in
California and the
Southwest
After 1848, English-speaking settlers flocked
to the Southwest. They brought their culture
and ideas about democracy.
Ideas and practices that Americans adopted
from the Mexican Americans who lived in the
Southwest.
– Silver mining techniques.
– Methods of irrigation.
– Spanish and Native American words, for example,
stampede, buffalo, tortilla, soda, and tornado.
– Some Mexican laws, for example, one law that said
that a husband and wife owned property jointly and
another law that said landowners could not cut off
water to their neighbors.
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Section 4 Assessment
Hard feelings between Mexico and the United States had
been growing since Texas declared independence. War
between the United States and Mexico finally broke out
when
a) Congress annexed Texas.
b) Mexican and American troops clashed in an area of land
claimed by both countries.
c) Mexico refused to sell California.
d) Sam Houston threatened to ally Texas with Britain.
American settlers in the Southwest adopted Mexican ways
for
a)
b)
c)
d)
mining silver.
building railroads.
writing a constitution.
organizing a cession.
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