Transcript Chapter 24: Charting A Course

HOLT
American Civics
Chapter 24
Charting A Course
Section 1: Development of U.S. Foreign Policy
Section 2: The Cold War
Section 3: New Trends
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
Chapter 24
American Civics
Section 1: Development of a Foreign Policy
OBJECTIVES
 Why did the United States maintain a policy of
isolationism in its early years, and why was it
hard to follow?
 What effects did the War of 1812, the Monroe
Doctrine, and the Good Neighbor Policy have on
U.S. international relations?
 What caused the United States to enter World
War I and World War II?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
Chapter 24
American Civics
Section 1: Development of a Foreign Policy
Reasons for Isolationism
 Early years—the country was in debt and
struggling to build an economy
 Early leaders tried to concentrate on the
country’s development and avoided foreign
affairs.
 Border disputes with Canada and Spain
blocked expansion and threatened trade.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
Chapter 24
American Civics
Section 1: Development of a Foreign Policy
U.S. International Relations
 War of 1812—improved relations with Great
Britain, British Canada, and other foreign
nations; 100-year period of isolationism followed
 The Monroe Doctrine (1823)—set course of U.S.
relations with Latin America and Europe;
declared Americas closed to colonization
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
Chapter 24
American Civics
Section 1: Development of a Foreign Policy
U.S. International Relations (continued)
 Roosevelt Corollary (1905)—United States
would police the Western Hemisphere; dollar
diplomacy developed
 The Good Neighbor Policy (1933)—opposed
armed intervention in Latin America by the
United States
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
Chapter 24
American Civics
Section 1: Development of a Foreign Policy
The United States entered World
Wars I:
World War I—German submarines sank U.S.
merchant ships, ending U.S. neutrality
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
Chapter 24
American Civics
Section 1: Development of a Foreign Policy
The United States entered World
Wars II:
 World War II—United States became the “arsenal of
democracy”
 December 7, 1941—Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor
and shattered U.S. neutrality; U.S. declared war on
Japan
 Germany and Italy declared war on the United States
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
Chapter 24
American Civics
Section 2: The Cold War
OBJECTIVES
 What began the Cold War, and what form did
the early U.S. response take?
 How did the U.S. response to the Berlin
blockade and the Cuban missile crisis differ?
 What events marked the end of the Cold War?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
Chapter 24
American Civics
Section 2: The Cold War
The Cold War and early U.S.
response:
 After World War II, Russia established
communist satellite nations throughout
Eastern Europe and tried to increase power to
eastern Mediterranean and Southwest Asia.
 The United States sees Soviet expansion as
threat to national security and world peace.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
Chapter 24
American Civics
Section 2: The Cold War
The Cold War and early U.S.
response: (continued)
 The United States and the Soviet Union use
propaganda, spying, alliances, foreign aid, and
other methods against each other.
 March 1947—The Truman Doctrine begins
policy of containment: financial aid to keep
communism from spreading.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
Chapter 24
American Civics
Section 2: The Cold War
U.S. response to the Berlin blockade
and the Cuban missile crisis:
 The Berlin blockade—the United States and Great
Britain airlift food, clothing, and essential items to the
people of western Berlin
 Cuban missile crisis—the U.S. Navy and Air Force
search foreign ships bound for Cuba for weapons; army
troops are put on alert
 Show of force in the Cuban missile crisis underscores the
dangers of the Cold War
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
Chapter 24
American Civics
Section 2: The Cold War
Marking the end of the Cold War:
 1987—Gorbechev’s reforms: glasnost and
perestroika give Soviet people more freedom and
restructure the failing economy; détente lessens
tensions with the United States
 1990—Communist governments fall in six
Eastern European countries.
 1990—Prodemocracy candidates win local
Soviet elections.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
Chapter 24
American Civics
Section 2: The Cold War
Marking the end of the Cold War: (continued)
 Soviet republics rally for independence.
 1991—Soviet Union ceases to exist; the
Commonwealth of Independent States forms.
 Cold War ends with the collapse of the Soviet
Union and the fall of communism in Eastern
Europe.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
Chapter 24
American Civics
Section 3: New Trends
OBJECTIVES
 What new global challenges has the United
States faced since the end of the Cold War?
 How was the United States attacked on
September 11, 2001, and who was the
immediate suspect in the attacks?
 How did the U.S. government respond to the
terrorist attacks?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
Chapter 24
American Civics
Section 3: New Trends
New global challenges:
 As the only superpower, the United States tries to
resolve conflicts and promote stability.
 Iraq—Iraq invaded Kuwait leading to the Persian
Gulf War; Saddam Hussein remains in power and
failed to keep cease-fire terms; relations with the
United States remain poor
 India and Pakistan—nuclear powers clash over
Kashmir
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
Chapter 24
American Civics
Section 3: New Trends
New global challenges: (continued)
 China—continuing disagreements with the
United States on human rights and trade issues
 Africa—the spread of AIDS is a major concern
 Latin America and Canada—North American
Free Trade Agreement shaping relations; War on
Drugs
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
Chapter 24
American Civics
Section 3: New Trends
September 11, 2001
 Terrorists hijack four airliners, destroy the World
Trade Center, and damage the Pentagon.
 Thousands of people are killed in the attack.
 Osama Bin Laden, leader of the al Qaeda
network, surfaces as the prime suspect.
 The Taliban regime in Afghanistan is singled out
as key sponsor of terrorism.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
Chapter 24
American Civics
Section 3: New Trends
U.S. response to terrorist attacks:
 President George W. Bush declares a war on terror.
 President Bush appoints Governor Tom Ridge as head of the
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Office of Homeland Security.
Colin Powell leads efforts to build an international coalition
against terrorism.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization invokes its Article 5
for the first time.
October 7, 2001—The United States and Great Britain begin
airstrikes in Afghanistan; ground troops follow.
Fighting terrorism has become central to U.S. foreign policy.
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON