Transcript Slide 1

Chapter 12
Westward Expansion
Section 2 Independence for Texas
A Clash of Cultures
• Conflict over Texas began in 1803
– Americans believed it was part of Louisiana
Purchase.
– Spain Disagreed
– 1819 U.S. agreed to drop claim (Adams-Onis
Treaty)
• Davy Crockett – Texas in 1835
– Wanted to help Texans
A Clash of Cultures
• 3, 000 Tejanos- Mexicans who claimed
Texas as their home.
• Native Americans- Comanche, Apaches,
and Kiowa
• Spain offered Land Grants to promote
growth of Texas.
– Persons who arranged for the settlement of
land in Texas: Empresarios
A Clash of Cultures
• Moses Austin- 1821 first land grant
– Died before colony established
– Son Stephen Austin continued colony
• Stephen F. Austin
– 300 settlers (Old Three Hundred)
– “Father of Texas”
– Advocate for settlers
– First Secretary of state for Texas
– Capital of Texas is named after him
A Clash of Cultures
• 1823- 1825 Mexico Colonization Laws
– Learn Spanish
– Become Mexican Citizens
– Convert to Catholicism
– Obey all Mexican Laws
– Settlers would receive land with reduced or no
taxes.
A Clash of Cultures
• 1830 More Americans than Tejanos – and
had not adopted Mexican ways.
• Issued a decree (official order) to stop all
immigration from the U. S.
• Tax was placed on imports from the U.S.
• New Laws angered Texans.
A Clash of Cultures
• 1833 General Antonio Lopez de Santa
Anna – became President of Mexico
• Stephen F. Austin- demands: remove
bans, allow Texas to become a separate
state.
• Santa Anna overthrows Mexican
constitution and names himself dictator of
Mexico.
Struggle for Independence
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1835- Open Conflict begins.
Gonzales- first battle of the Texas Revolution
December 1835- San Antonio freed
Texans think the war is over- just the
beginning.
Battle of the Alamo
• February 1836 – Mission –
– Had cannons, lacked gunpowder
– Only 180 soldiers against several thousands
– Leaders
• Davy Crockett
• Jim Bowie
• William B. Travis – Commander
Battle of the Alamo
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Held Santa Anna off for 12 days
March 6, 1836, Alamo fell
A few women and children survived
Santa Anna’s aide “The Texans fought
more like devils than like men.”
• Bought Texans some much needed time.
Texas Independence
• March 2, 1836
• Similar to the Declaration of Independence
of the United States
• Santa Anna had violated liberties
– Deprived Texans of freedom of religion
– Trial by jury
– Right to bear arms
Texas Independence
• Mexican Troops- Could not hold general
election
• Texans leaders selected officers until an
election could be held
• Sam Houston as Commander in Chief of
troops
– Raised among Cherokee
– Fought along side Andrew Jackson
Texas Independence
• Sam Houston ordered troops at Goliad to
abandon their post– Ran into Mexican troops.
– Surrendered
– Santa Anna orders –execute them
– Texans outraged “Goliad Massacre”
Battle of San Jacinto
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Sam Houston + 900 troops
San Jacinto (present day Houston)
April 21“Remember the Alamo!”
“Remember Goliad!”
Santa Anna captured
May 14, 1836 – Santa Anna signed treaty
Texas won its independence.
Lone Star Republic
• Sam Houston elected President 1836
• Mirabeau Lamar Vice president
• Texans asked U.S. to take control (annex)
Texas.
• Andrew Jackson refused.
– Texas was a slave state- would upset the
balance.
Lone Star Republic
• Texas faced political and financial
difficulties.
• Mexican government refused to honor
Santa Anna’s treaty- war continued.
• John Tyler – supported annexation of
Texas – Senate did not
Texas Becomes a State
• 1844 Manifest Destiny
• December 29, 1845 President James K.
Polk- Senate agree• Texas becomes a state of the United
States – 9 years after winning
independence