Transcript CHAPTER 10 LAUNCHING THE NATION (1789–1800)

HOLT
Chapter 9
CALL TO
FREEDOM
LAUNCHING THE NATION
(1789–1800)
Section 1: Laying the Foundations of Government
Section 2: Hamilton and National Finances
Section 3: Troubles Abroad
Section 4: The Gold Rush
Section 5: John Adams’s Presidency
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HOLT, RINEHART
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Section 1: Laying the
Foundations of Government
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
OBJECTIVES
 Why did Americans elect George Washington
as their first president?
 What did Americans expect of the new
government?
 What steps did Congress and the president
take to organize the new government?
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Section 1: Laying the
Foundations of Government
HOLT
CALL TO
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George Washington
 George Washington was elected president
because of his character, honesty, and
patriotism.
 In addition, people felt he would be a good
role model.
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Section 1: Laying the
Foundations of Government
HOLT
CALL TO
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American Expectations
of the New Government
The Americans expected their government to:
 protect liberty
 provide a stable economy,
 establish fair tax and trade laws
 grant them the right to settle western land
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Section 1: Laying the
Foundations of Government
HOLT
CALL TO
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Steps Taken to Organize
the New Government
 Planning the executive branch and creating
the president’s cabinet
 Organizing the judicial branch (Judiciary Act
of 1789)
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Section 2:
Hamilton and National Finances
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
OBJECTIVES
 What challenge did Alexander Hamilton face as
secretary of the treasury, and what issues did his
plans raise?
 What issues did Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson
disagree on, and what were their views?
 What questions were raised when the Bank of the
United States was founded, and what different views
did Hamilton and Jefferson have concerning the
Bank?
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Section 2:
Hamilton and National Finances
HOLT
CALL TO
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Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton
faced the following challenges and issue:
 Challenges
 paying off the national debt
 putting the country on a solid financial footing
 Issue: value of government bonds
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Section 2:
Hamilton and National Finances
HOLT
CALL TO
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Disagreements between Hamilton and Jefferson
 Paying Off Foreign Debt
 Hamilton – wanted to pay debt immediately and
repay full value of bonds
 Jefferson – thought Hamilton’s idea cheated the
original bondholders
 Power of the Central Government
 Hamilton – believed in a strong central government
 Jefferson – wanted to protect powers of the state
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Section 2:
Hamilton and National Finances
(continued)
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Disagreements between Hamilton and Jefferson
 Economic Growth
 Hamilton – favored new forms of economic
growth, promoted Manufacturing, business and
protective tariffs
 Jefferson – promoted farming and low tariffs
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Section 2:
Hamilton and National Finances
HOLT
CALL TO
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Concern about Establishing a National Bank
The idea of establishing a national bank caused
concern because it was not believed that the U.S.
Constitution gave Congress this power.
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Section 3:
Troubles Abroad
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
OBJECTIVES
 How did Americans and President Washington
respond to events in France?
 What policy did Washington follow toward
foreign nations?
 How did the United States settle its
differences with Great Britain and Spain?
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Section 3:
Troubles Abroad
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Neutrality Proclamation
 Americans had mixed reactions to the French
Revolution which led President Washington to
issue the Neutrality Proclamation.
 Washington believed that neutrality with
countries at war in Europe was the safest plan.
Neutrality Proclamation (1793) – statement made by
Washington that the U.S. would not side with any of the
nations at war in Europe following the French Revolution
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Section 3:
Troubles Abroad
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Differences with the United States and
Great Britain and Spain were settle by:
 Jay’s Treaty (1794) – agreement negotiated by
John Jay to work out problems between
Britain and the U.S. over the western frontier
trade in the Caribbean, British seizure of U.S.
trips, and debts owed to British merchants.
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Section 3:
Troubles Abroad
(continued)
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
Differences with the United States and
Great Britain and Spain were settle by:
 Pickney’s Treaty (1795) – agreement between
the U.S. and Spain that changed Florida’s
border and made it easier for American ships
to use the port of New Orleans.
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Section 4:
The Gold Rush
HOLT
CALL TO
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OBJECTIVES
 What domestic problems did the United States
face?
 What advice did Washington give the nation
in his Farewell Address?
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Section 4:
The Gold Rush
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Domestic Problems in the United States
 Indian Wars
 Whiskey Rebellion
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Section 4:
The Gold Rush
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CALL TO
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In Washington’s Farwell Address he
urged the nation to:
 work out its differences
 protect its independence
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Section 5:
John Adams’s Presidency
HOLT
CALL TO
FREEDOM
OBJECTIVES
 How did political parties form, and what role
did they play in the 1796 presidential election?
 What problems with foreign nations did John
Adams face during his presidency?
 What were the Alien and Sedition Acts, and
how did Republicans respond to them?
 What were the main issues in the election of
1800, and what were some of its outcomes?
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Section 5:
John Adams’s Presidency
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Political Parties
Political parties began to form during
Washington’s presidency and influenced voters
in the presidential election of 1796.
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Section 5:
John Adams’s Presidency
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Problems with Foreign Nations
Adams faced a war with France but the war was
halted with a treaty in 1800.
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Section 5:
John Adams’s Presidency
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Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)
 Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) – laws passed
by a Federalist-dominated Congress aimed at
protecting the government for treasonous
ideas, actions, and people; used against
members of the Democratic-Republican party
 The Republicans responded with the
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions.
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Section 5:
John Adams’s Presidency
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Election of 1800
 Issues
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


legality of the Alien and Sedition Acts
permanent army
higher taxes
foreign relations between the U.S. and France
 Outcomes
 Republican tie between Jefferson and Burr
 Twelfth Amendment – 1803
 weakened Federalists
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