Transcript Chapter 5

Chapter 6
A Strong Start for the
Union
Section One: A federal
Government is Established
Essential Question:
What were some events that
happened in Washington’s
Presidency?
Actions taken by President
Washington
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Created a Cabinet
Judiciary Act of 1789
Stopping the Whiskey Rebellion
Proclamation of Neutrality
Jay’s Treaty
XYZ Affair
Pinckney’s Treaty
Farewell Address
Washington’s Cabinet
• State
DepartmentSecretary of
State
• Foreign
Affairs
• Thomas
Jefferson
Washington’s Cabinet
• War DepartmentSecretary of War
(now known as
the secretary of
the defense)
• Manage military
affairs
• Henry Knox
Washington’s Cabinet
• Treasury
Department
• Secretary of the
Treasury
• Oversee the
nation’s finances
• Alexander
Hamilton
Hamilton’s Beliefs
• Hamilton believed that
the nations future
depended on a strong
federal government
controlled by the wealthy
• The best way to
strengthen the
government was to
establish economic
polices that helped
business and industry
Hamilton’s Financial Plan
“Ham”-ilton”
• Pay off the National
Debt
• Pay bonds
(certificates issued
in exchange for
loans) in full
• Federal Government
should pay off all
states debts
National Debt
• The nation owed money to
other countries
• To have good standing on
additional loans, the nation
must pay the original debts
off
Bonds
• During the Revolutionary War, the
new government of the colonies
borrowed from individuals to finance
the war
• The government issued bonds to the
lenders, but the bonds were virtually
worthless.
• Hamilton felt that the government
had to make good on all bonds
A REVOLUTIONARY WAR BOND
State Debts
• Many of the Southern States had
already paid off their debts they had
from the Revolution
• The Northern States had not
• Southern States were compromised
with a pledge that the Nation’s
Capital would be located across the
Potomac River from Virginia. This
was Washington D. C.
Hamilton’s Bank Proposal
• Create a Bank of the
United States, or a
National Bank
• This would provide a
safe place to deposit
government funds and
establish uniform
currency (paper
money)
• The bank could make
loans to assist the
government.
Judiciary Act of 1789
• Established a
federal district court
for each state
• Specified that there
would be 6 justices
of Supreme Court to
be nominated by the
President and
approved by the
Senate
Pennsylvania Farmers
Whiskey Rebellion
• Federal Government
placed a tax on whiskey.
• The government intended
to raise money for paying
its debts
• This hurt the
Pennsylvania Farmers
• They rebelled by
marching to Philadelphia
as an angry mob
Whiskey Rebellion
• Washington sent
in the colonial
militia and ended
the rebellion.
• It was the first
action of
“enforcing” the
law by a
President.
France
• In 1789, the French
people revolted
against the king and
the aristocracy
• The people of the
United States were
split on helping the
French people with
their revolution
France
• On one hand, the
French Monarchy had
supported the U.S. in
the Revolution
• On the other hand, the
people of France were
resisting a Monarchy
that was not treating
its people as
participants in
government.
France
If the United States
were to get
involved on the
side of the French
people, it might
bring the U.S. into
war with Britain,
who had sided with
the Monarchy.
Neutrality Proclamation
President George
Washington believed
that no involvement
in Europe was the
best course. In 1793,
he issued the
Proclamation of
Neutrality stating
that the U.S. would
not get involved.
Jay’s Treaty
• Settled northern
boundary disputes
with British Canada
• Obtained British
acknowledgement
of the neutrality of
the U.S.
• Britain received
most favored
nation status with
the U.S.
XYZ Affair
• France was upset
with the U.S. for
making Jay’s Treaty
with Britain.
• The U.S. sent
representatives to
meet with the Prime
Minister of France,
Tallyrand
XYZ Affair
Instead of meeting
Tallyrand, they met
three French
officials that were
named only, “Mr. X,
Mr. Y, and Mr. Z”.
These secret men
told the U.S.
representatives they
may see Tallyrand, if
they pay $250,000.
XYZ Affair
• The XYZ Affair infuriated the
U.S. citizens
• The U.S. began to build a large
impressive navy after this
situation
• The quote of the time was,
“millions for defense, not one
cent for tribute”
Pinckney’s Treaty
• Treaty between Spain
and the United States
• Recognized the
Southern boundary of
the U.S. with Spanish
Florida as the 31st
parallel.
• Also, granted U.S.
navigation rights on
the Mississippi River
Farewell Address
• “steer clear of
permanent alliances
with any portion of
the foreign world”
• Dangers of forming
political parties
• Government is good
if it is based on
religion and morality