Transcript COLD WAR

COLD WAR
AGE OF SUSPICION
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• COMMUNISM
• NOT POPULAR IN UNITED
STATES
The Cold War Comes to the
U.S.
What is “McCarthyism” and
how was it dangerous?
Charges brought against people
for suspicion of communist acts.
U.S. Senate goes on the attack.
• The U.S. Senate led a
charge against many
Americans for possible
connections to communist
activities.
• McCarthy’s unfound
accusations caused many
people to lose their jobs
and leave in the same
paranoia that was found in
the Soviet Union.
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• Senate censored McCarthy
• “for Tending to bring the
Senate into dishonor and
disrepute”
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• Senate censored McCarthy
• “for Tending to bring the
Senate into dishonor and
disrepute”
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• Career over
• He died three years later from
Alcoholism and died a broken
man
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• AFTER WWII MEMBERSHIP
DROPPED
• LOYALITY QUESTIONED
• LOYALITY REVIEW BOARD
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• Career over
• He died three years later from
Alcoholism and died a broken
man
What does Congress create
to investigate communist
activities in the U.S.?
The House Un-American Activities
Committee (HUAC)
HUAC goes on the hunt.
• Created to find possible fascists, Nazis,
and communists, the committee began
investigating Americans.
• The government probed unions, the armed
services, educators, scientists,
newspapers, and other media people.
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• HUAC
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• HOUSE COMMITTEE ON UNAMERICAN ACTIVITES
• CONCENTRATED ON
HOLLYWOOD
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• Question asked:
• “are you now or have you ever
been a member of the
communist party or fellow
traveler”
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• Fellow traveler = sympathetic
to communism but not a party
member
• Some refused to answer,
others accused colleagues or
fellow writers or actors of
Communists
Controlling Communism
• McCarron Internal Security
Act 1950
• Communist organizations
had to register with Attorney
General and provide
membership lists
What is a “blacklist” and
what industry used it?
A list of entertainment figures who
should not be given jobs because of
possible affiliations with communists.
Hollywood comes under attack
• The movie and entertainment
industry came under a big attack
during the 50’s for two reasons.
• First, many of the people going
before Senate were only familiar
with other people in Hollywood.
• Second, the film, radio, and tv.
industry tried to publicly vilify
Senator McCarthy and his
actions.
Name a comic book character
that became famous during
this time period?
Captain America
Who are the Hollywood
Ten?
A group of writers, directors, and
producers who invoked their 5th
Amendment rights while
appearing before the HUAC.
Hollywood Ten set bad precedent.
• Despite using their Constitutional rights, the
Hollywood Ten are convicted and sent to prison.
• This will lead to the Hollywood blacklists.
What movie reflects the
sentiment of Americans
towards socialism?
Invasion of the Body Snatchers
Movies make a statement.
• Despite being a movie
about aliens invading
peoples minds, people
quickly understand the
analogy of socialism
taking over a society.
Who are Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg?
A married couple that was accused of
selling secret information about atomic
energy to the Soviet Union.
American spies are discovered
• An investigation of a man named
Klaus Fuchs led to an American
couple named Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg.
• Though the evidence was thin,
the Rosenberg’s were convicted
and executed.
• Forty years after their death,
actual evidence was found of
Julius’s guilt, but little evidence
was found for Ethel.
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• Rosenberg Trial
• 1949 Russia test A-bomb
• Years before U.S.
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• 1950 Klaus Fuchs confessed
to spying and giving nuclear
secrets to Russians
http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?p=Klaus+Fuchs&ei=UTF-8&x=wrt
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Implicated Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg
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• 1951 Ethel and Julius
Rosenberg were tried
convicted sentenced and
executed for spying
• First civilians executed for
espionage in United States
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• Executed at Sing Sing prison
What is the “Red Scare”?
The fear that communists inside the
borders and outside the borders of the
U.S. were working to destroy American
life and democracy.
The Red Scare Returns
• Like immediately after WWI,
the U.S. becomes paranoid
of communist activities
inside the U.S. after WWII.
• Despite being our allies
during the war, people that
considered socialism an
acceptable practice became
outcasts and were
considered anti-American.
What famous scientist is
investigated for being a
communist?
J. Robert Oppenheimer
Oppenheimer is accused of unAmerican activities
• Oppenheimer, who had been
appointed as the chairman of the
General Advisory Committee of
the U.S. Atomic Energy
Commission, had ties to the
Communist Party.
• Oppenheimer’s wife and brother
had once belonged to the
Communist Party.
• The AEC denied Oppenheimer
classified information and became
an outcast.
Who is Alger Hiss?
Hiss was a rising government
worker who was accused of being
a contact for the Soviets.
Alger Hiss is convicted.
• Under great scrutiny, Hiss’s
declaration of innocence falls
apart.
• Despite increasing evidence,
Hiss is only convicted for 5
years for perjury charges.
• As years passed, more
evidence has proven his
guilt.
• This incident puts Senator
Richard Nixon into the
spotlight.
• The Alien Registration Act or Smith Act of
1940
• made it a criminal offense for anyone to
"knowingly or willfully advocate, abet,
advise or teach or encourage the
overthrowing the Government of the
United States or of any State by force or
violence
Immigration and Nationality, or
McCarran-Walter, Act
• 1952 This law allowed the government to
deport immigrants or naturalized citizens
engaged in subversive activities and also
to bar suspected subversives from
entering the country
What is the “Red Scare”?
The fear that communists inside the
borders and outside the borders of the
U.S. were working to destroy American
life and democracy.
The Red Scare Returns
• Like immediately after WWI,
the U.S. becomes paranoid
of communist activities
inside the U.S. after WWII.
• Despite being our allies
during the war, people that
considered socialism an
acceptable practice became
outcasts and were
considered anti-American.
What famous scientist is
investigated for being a
communist?
J. Robert Oppenheimer
Captain America represents the
U.S.
• Comic book hero
Captain America
becomes a
representative for
the greatness of
America.
• This was a way to
bring patriotism to
children.
• The Alien Registration Act or Smith Act of
1940
• made it a criminal offense for anyone to
"knowingly or willfully advocate, abet,
advise or teach or encourage the
overthrowing the Government of the
United States or of any State by force or
violence
Immigration and Nationality, or
McCarran-Walter, Act
• 1952 This law allowed the government to
deport immigrants or naturalized citizens
engaged in subversive activities and also
to bar suspected subversives from
entering the country
What does Congress create
to investigate communist
activities in the U.S.?
The House Un-American Activities
Committee (HUAC)
ESPIONAGE TODAY
• 1994 Aldrich Ames Soviet
“Mole”
• 2001 Robert Hanssen FBI :
Charged with spying for Soviet
Union
• Officials say Hanssen was a spy who
profited from his activities, collecting more
than $600,000 in cash, about $50,000 in
diamonds and the promise, which he
never took seriously, of another $800,000
in a Russian bank account
• Hanssen is accused of sending 27 letters and 22
packages to the KGB and its successor agency,
the SVR. They left 33 bundles, stuffed with
thousands of old dollar bills, for him.
• Because of him, operations were blown,
including the 1989 investigation of foreign
service officer Felix Bloch, suspected of spying
for the Russians. Hanssen is accused of tipping
off the Russians; officials believe that the KGB
passed the information on to Bloch. And officials
say Hanssen passed along names of potential
recruits, including a boyhood friend
Aldrich Ames
• During the nine years that he worked for
the KGB as a mole, Ames single handily
shut down the CIA's eyes and ears in the
Soviet Union by telling the Russians in
1985 the names of every "human asset"
that the U.S. had working for it there
CPUSA
• Communist Party of the U.S.
• 1920’s – 1940’s
• Organized and led many major
industrial Unions
• Defended the rights of AfricanAmericans
CPUSA
• Became involved in recruitment and
espionage
• Continues today: Renamed
Committees of Correspondence for
Democracy and Socialism
• @ 15,000 members – based in NY
• Peoples Weekly World