Transcript Human Body Systems - Effingham County Schools

Human Body Systems
Well, at least your body is!
Can you
identify
&
label the 3
levels of
organization
shown here?
Levels of Organization
The Human Body has several “layers” of organization beginning with the
simplest and becoming more complex.
Answers to previous slide: cell, tissue, organ (small intestine)
http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/chem/levels.jpg
Here They Are: Your Body Systems
http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147a.gif
And Your Body Systems
http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/lect_19.htm
Skeletal System
Skeletal System - the framework of the body that
supports the body, protects internal organs, and anchors
all the body’s movement
Brainpop - Skeletal System
Functions of the Skeletal
System
• Provides shape and
form
• Supports, protects,
and allows bodily
movement
The Skeleton Is Divided Into
Two Parts
1. axial skeleton
-central part of the skeleton, which
includes the cranium, the spinal
column, and the ribs
BACKBONE
RIBS
STERNUM
SKULL
The Second Part of the Skeleton
2. appendicular skeleton
-the bones of the skeleton that
function to allow movement, such as
arm and leg bones
SHOULDERS
LOWER BODY
PELVIC AREA
UPPER BODY
Skeletal System Information
Appendicular System
126 bones
Axial System
80 bones
Total Bones = 206
Types of Bone Tissue
spongy bone tissue
– strong, lightweight tissue found inside the
bone
-makes up most of the short, flat, irregular
bones, and ends of long bones
Types of Bone Tissue
compact bone tissue
-tough, hard outer layer of bone
-part of the body called the skeleton
3 Types Of Joints
joints – place at which two parts of the skeletal
meet
immovable joints - lock bones together like
puzzle pieces (skulls bones)
slightly movable joints- are able to flex slightly
(ribs are connected to sternum)
freely movable joints - allow body to bend and to
move
Brainpop - Joints
Types Of Freely Moveable
Joints
Hinge- arm moves up and down
Pivot – neck moves from side to side
Ball & Socket – rotating arm in a circle
Gliding- all joints glide
Interesting
Facts
• The longest bone in your
body is the bone above your
knee, the thighbone
• Your funny bone isn’t a bone
at all
• When you were born, you
had more than 300 bones.
By the time you stop growing,
you’ll have 206
• At the end of adolescence
your bones stop growing
• Your bones are living. They
grow as you get older
Conditions of the Skeletal System
Osteoporosis
Bones become fragile and more likely
to break
Osteoarthritis
Joint disorder where the cartilage is
wearing away
Muscular System
muscular system – muscles of the
body that, together with the
skeletal system, function to
produce movement
The muscular system is made up
of…
muscles
and
tendons
How many muscles do you have?
• You have
about 650
muscles in
your body
• Your muscles
make up half
of your body
weight
Functions of the Muscular
System
• Holds bones together so
that movement can occur
• Helps maintain stable body
temperature (homeostasis)
• Helps maintain posture
3 Types of Muscles
• Smooth Muscles – muscle that performs
involuntary movement and is found inside
certain organs, such as the stomach
involuntary – movement without conscious control
• Cardiac Muscle – involuntary muscle that makes
up the heart
• Skeletal Muscles - muscle that perform voluntary
movement and are attached to the skeleton
voluntary – movement at will
Why do I need tendons?
-tendons attach muscles to bone and help
the body move
feel your tendon right above
your heel in the back of
your leg
*this is the thickest tendon in
your body
Ways to keep my muscles strong…
• Eat foods from the
meat group every
day (they are high
in protein which
helps to build
strong muscles)
• Exercise every day
Your Digestive System
Brainpop - Digestive System
Your digestive
system is like
a complicated
chemical
processing
plant, and
performs many
functions
Two Types of Digestion:
mechanical and chemical
- Mechanical digestion:
breaking, crushing, mashing
- Chemical digestion: Saliva,
Gastric acids
What major tasks does the
digestive system help accomplish?
Your Digestive System…
-breaks down food
into molecules the
body can absorb
-passes food
molecules into the
blood to be carried
throughout the body
-works to eliminate
solid wastes from the
body.
The Parts
of
Your
Digestive
System
How well
do you
know
them?
Parts of Your Digestive System
Brainpop - Appendix
The Digestive Journey
Digestion begins in your mouth with action of
your teeth and tongue and your salivary glands.
Food then moves through the esophagus and
into your stomach after you swallow.
Your Stomach
The food moves into the stomach.
The stomach gradually releases materials
into the upper small intestine, where
digestion is completed.
Your stomach also has a thick coating of
mucus to protect it form the acids and to
keep it from digesting itself!
Your stomach really does look like
a muscular bag!
Your Small & Large Intestines
When food is thoroughly digested it
passes through an opening into the
small intestines.
In the small intestines all the
nutrients are absorbed leaving
undigestible wastes.
The indigestible wastes pass into the
large intestines, where water is
removed.
Then the wastes are stored in the
rectum until they are released by the
anus.
Your Respiratory System
The Functions of the Respiratory System
-moves oxygen from the outside environment
into the body
-removes carbon dioxide and water from the
body
Respiratory System
Brainpop - Respiratory System
Respiratory Disease: Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammation or infection of the
lungs most commonly caused by a bacteria or virus.
Pneumonia can also be caused by inhaling vomit or
other foreign substances.
Web Sources and Resources
www.medimagery.com/Respiration/ lungs.html
Respiratory Disease: Lung Cancer
The cancerous lung (right) shows how much damage
smoking can do over time to your respiratory system.
X-Rays can help detect cancer, and surgery and
radiation are some treatments for the disease.
Web Sources and Resources
www.smm.org/heart/lessons/ lesson11.htm
Excretory/Urinary System
-collects wastes produced
by cells and removes these
wastes from your body
-removal process is known
as excretion
-kidneys are the major
organs of the excretory
system
-kidneys filter your blood
and remove urea (excess
water, and some other
waste materials from the
blood)
-filtering process produces
a watery fluid called urine
Yucky: Pee
Excretory/Urinary System
Brainpop - Urinary System
Excretory/Urinary System
• excretory system is
a system that
connects to the
digestive system
• the main organs of
the excretory
system are the
bladder, kidneys,
ureters, urethra,
and nephrons
Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are created
when certain substances in
urine -- including calcium and
uric acid -- crystallize and the
crystals clump together.
Usually, they form in the
center of the kidney, where
urine collects before flowing
into the ureter, the tube that
leads to the bladder. Small
stones are able to pass out of
the body in the urine and
often go completely
unnoticed. But larger stones
irritate and stretch the ureter
as they move toward the
bladder, causing excruciating
pain and blocking the flow of
urine. Rarely, a stone can be
as large as a golf ball, in
which case it remains lodged
in the kidney, creating a more
serious condition
Cardiovascular/Circulatory
System
Brainpop - Circulatory System
The circulatory system is responsible for
transporting blood (which carries oxygen and
food for the cells) throughout the body
Web Sources and Resources
Usborne Human Body: Quicklinks
Parts of the
Cardiovascular/Circulatory
System
• Heart
• Blood
• Blood Vessels
– arteries – carry oxygenated blood from the
lungs to the rest of the body
– veins – carry deoxygenated blood back to the
lungs
– capillaries
Blood
-Blood is the fluid of life, transporting
oxygen from the lungs to body tissue
and carbon dioxide from body tissue
to the lungs
-Red blood cells and white blood cells
are responsible for nourishing,
cleansing, and protecting the body
-Approximately 55 percent of blood is
plasma, a straw-colored clear liquid
-The liquid plasma carries the solid
cells and the platelets which help
blood clot
Brainpop - Blood
-Without blood platelets, you would
bleed to death
Pathway of Blood
Heart Dissections
Your Heart is a Very Muscular Organ!
Brainpop - Heart
Artificial Hearts
The action of the artificial heart is entirely similar to the action of the
natural heart. There is, however, one huge difference: the natural heart
is living muscle, while the artificial heart is plastic, aluminum, and
Dacron polyester. As a result, the artificial heart needs some external
source of "life." An external power system energizes and regulates the
pump through a system of compressed air hoses that enter the heart
through the chest. Since the system is cumbersome and open to
infection, the use of an artificial heart is meant to be temporary.
•http://sln.fi.edu/biosci/healthy/fake.html
Integumentary System
(It’s Your Skin!)
Integumentary
System
-covers the body and
prevents the loss of water
-protects the body from
injury and infection
-helps regulate body
temperature, eliminate
wastes, gathers information
about the environment
Integumentary
System
-1st line of defense
against infection
-organs/structures of the
integumentary system
include the skin, sweat
glands, hair, and nails
Your Immune System
Your Immune System
-fights foreign invaders or
infection in the body
-special cells react to each
kind of pathogen with a
defense targeted
specifically at that
pathogen
-major organs/structures
of the immune system
include the white blood
cells, mucus, and cilia
Brainpop: Immune System
Nervous System
Nervous System
-receives information about what is
happening both inside and outside your
body
-directs the way in which your body
responds to information
-helps maintain homeostasis
Nervous System
-major organs/
structures of
the nervous
system
include the
brain, spinal
cord, and
nerves
Brainpop: Nervous System
The Stroop Effect- Your
Brain Can Get Confused!
TRY IT!- The famous "Stroop Effect" is named after
J. Ridley Stroop who discovered this strange
phenomenon in the 1930s. Here is your job: name
the colors of the following words. Do NOT read the
words...rather, say the color of the words. For
example, for the word BLUE, you should say "RED".
Say the colors as fast as you can. It is not as easy as
you might think!
Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer's disease attacks
the brain; it is not a normal
part of aging. People with AD
have a gradual memory loss
and difficulties with language
and emotions.
The progressive loss of
intellectual abilities is termed
dementia. As the disease
advances, the person may
need help in all aspects of life:
bathing, eating, and using the
restroom.
Because of this round-theclock care, families and
friends of people with AD are
greatly affected. The disease
is irreversible and there is
currently no cure.
Reproductive System
FEMALE
MALE
Brainpop - Reproductive System
Functions of the Female
Reproductive System
-produce
eggs
-nourish and
shelter
fertilized egg
(developing
baby) until
birth
Female Reproductive System
Organs/Structures of the
Female Reproductive System
-fallopian
tubes
-vagina
-ovary
-uterus
Function of the Male
Reproductive System
-produce
and deliver
sperm
Male Reproductive System
Organs/Structures of the Male
Reproductive System
-epididymis
-testis
-scrotum
-penis
-urethra
-vas deferens
Fertilization
Takes place when sperm & egg merge
Human Development
-fertilized egg (zygote) is about the size of a
period in your textbook
-zygote develops into an embryo, and then
into a developing fetus, which results in....
You!
www.ajwrb.org/images/ fetus.jpg