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Vital Signs
Lesson 11:
Evaluation & Assessment
Bell Work
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What are the regular services you must
perform on a car?
Why do car owners do this?
Objectives
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Today you will
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Define terms
List vital signs
Measure vital signs
Terminology
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Vital Sign
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Heart Rate
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the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking
in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation
Blood Pressure
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Number of heartbeats measured in a unit of time…most commonly in
beats per minute (bpm)
Respiration/Breathing
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a measure of the body’s functions that are necessary for life, such as
breathing, heart rate and body temperature
A measure of how hard blood is pressing against artery walls. Blood
pressure is recorded as two numbers: the top number is called systolic
pressure and the bottom number is called diastolic pressure.
Body Temperature
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A measure of the body’s internal temperature
Terminology
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Height
– a measure of the body’s erect skeletal system
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Body Weight
– The weight of a person without anything on.
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Vision
– Snellen Chart testing – measures visual acuity.
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Pulse Oximetery – SpO2
– A monitoring of the oxygenation of an individual’s hemoglobin.
Heart Rate
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Radial Pulse Point
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HR is a way to measure
the function of the heart
and the circulatory system
A normal resting rate is
between 60-80 bpm
You can measure HR at
pulse points where an
artery is close to the skin.
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Carotid Pulse Point
Radial pulse
Carotid pulse
Heart Rate: Measured
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Procedure for taking HR:
1. Athlete should be seated & relaxed
2. Place the palm of the athlete facing up
3. Place the tips of the first two fingers over the radial artery
(thumb side) and apply very slight pressure.
4. Feel for the pulse as the heart beats. Don’t push too hard.
5. Look at the second hand on your watch and begin counting,
starting with zero.
6. Count the athlete’s pulse for 60 seconds and record that
number in the SOAP note.
- Or take HR for 6 sec and multiply it by 10 to get BPM.
Respiration
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Respiration is the body’s
way to take in oxygen &
ridding carbon dioxide.
One breath= Inhalation &
Exhalation
Every cell in the body
needs oxygen
No oxygen = cell death
Respiration: Measured
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Athlete is seated and in a relaxed state
One inhale and exhale = One respiration
Note if athlete is having difficulty breathing
Normal Respiration Rate:
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12-20 breaths/minute
Blood Pressure
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Measuring the blood’s pressure against the wall of
an artery
Systolic
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Diastolic
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BP when the heart contracts
BP when the heart relaxes
Normal Range
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110 Systolic
65-85 Diastolic
Blood Pressure: Measured
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Athlete needs to be seated, arm extended with palm facing up.
Place BP cuff snugly around the athletes arm, just above the elbow.
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Place stethoscope in ears & the diaphragm directly on the brachial artery
Hold the diaphragm with one hand, then squeeze the bulb connected to the
cuff with the other
Inflating the cuff until you cannot hear a pulse (which is about 180-200mm
Hg)
Slowly release the cuff until you hear the first heart beat & note the number
seen on dial
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Systolic
Continue releasing until the last heart beat is heard & note the number on
the dial
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Middle of cuff (or arrow) must be pointed towards brachial artery
Diastolic
Remove cuff and record numbers!
Core Temperature
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This internal temp is regulated by the hypothalamus
region in the brain.
When temperature of the blood decreases, the
hypothalamus responds and causes the blood vessels
to constrict to conserve heat.
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Shivering is caused by constant contraction of our muscles to
produce heat to our internal organs
When too much heat is produced by the body, blood
vessels dilate & sweat glands are stimulated to release
heat.
Normal core body temp is 98.6 degrees
Core Temperature: Measured
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Orally (Mouth)
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Tympanic (Ear)
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Digital thermometers is the way to measure
Cover thermometer with disposable cover to ensure sanitary
measures
Place probe under tongue
The unit will beep once measured
Record results
Cover
Insert gently, just resting in ear canal
Press “scan” button
After the unit beeps, record measurement
What other ways have you heard how to take your temp?
Height: Measured
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Set up scale on wall
– Make sure shoes are off
– Back to wall and heels against the wall
– Stand up straight and look forward
– Have them put weight on heels
– Use a square object to find correct height
– Record results
Weight: Measured
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Scales
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Shoes off
Appropriate clothing
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No jackets, heavy items
Stand on scales with good posture
Find the weight
Record results
Vision: Measured
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Snellen Eye Chart
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Mount on wall
Good lighting
Measure off 20 feet
Ask about corrective lenses
Have individual cover 1 eye
Cover other eye
Read lines until miss 2
Record results for that eye
Check pupils for PEARL
Pulse Oximeter: Measured
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Pulse Oximeter measures
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SpO2%
Non-invasive way of monitoring the oxygenation of someone’s
hemoglobin
Norms are 95-99%
BPM – Beats per Minute
Heart rate
Norms are 60-80
Why are Vital Signs Important?
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They are…VITAL
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They all deal with the heart and/or blood
They are a quick way for a healthcare
professional to diagnose if someone is sick, or
how sick they are.
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High HR or BP can lead to heart disease
High temperature can indicate illness
Difficulty with respiration can indicate illness
Assessment
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Get out a sheet of paper…
Without looking at your notes:
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List the vital signs
List the normal findings for each vital sign