Transcript Major Organs

Basic Anatomy - Tissues and
Organs
 There
are many different types
of cells in the human body. None
of these cells function very well
on their own. They are part of
the larger organism - YOU
Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ systems
Cells group together to form tissues.
TISSUES – collection of similar cells that group
together to perform a specialized function
4 Primary Tissue Types:
•Epithelial Tissue
•Connective Tissue
•Muscle Tissue
•Nerve Tissue
STRUCTURE OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Consists of layers (formed by cells tightly bound
together) of cells that line or cover all internal and
external body surfaces.
FUNCTIONS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Functions as protective barrier, keeps organs in place,
and separate from other organs or parts.
EXAMPLES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE
outer layer of skin, inside of mouth and stomach, tissue
surrounding body organs and blood vessels
 Columnar
Epithelial Tissue
 Squamous
Epithelial Tissue
 Lining
of blood vessels
 Lining
of blood vessels
 http://www.curie.fr/recherche/themes/d
etail_equipe.cfm/lang/_gb/id_equipe/28
1.htm
 http://cytochemistry.net/Cell-
biology/Medical/practice_lab_exam_Epi
thelium.htm
Lining of blood
vessels
Surfaces subject to abrasion: mouth,
esophagus
Columnar
epithelial
tissues
Intestinal Lining
 http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol115/
Wyatt/wku/cancer.htm
Most diverse and abundant of the four types of tissue
Binds, supports, and protects structures in the body
Examples: bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fat, blood
 Loose
connective tissue
 Fibrous connective tissue
 Cartilage
 Sharks
are a type of fish with a full
cartilaginous skeleton and a highly
streamlined body. The earliest known
sharks date from more than 420 million
years ago, before the time of the
dinosaurs
 They are made of mostly connective
tissues, except for the teeth, which are
the only remains of prehistoric sharks
 Tendons
 Tendons
 Blood
cells
Specialized tissue that can contract.
Three types of Muscle tissue:
Skeletal – moves bones in your body
Smooth – handles body functions that you cannot control
consciously, e.g. movement of food through digestive
tract.
Cardiac – found in the heart, pumps blood through body
 Cardiac
Contains cells (neurons) that receive and transmit
messages in the form of electrical impulses.
Makes up the brain, spinal cord, nerves, also found in
parts of sensory organ – retina in eye
Provides sensation of the internal and external
environment and integrates sensory info.
Coordination of voluntary and involuntary activities and
some body processes accomplished by nervous tissue.
 http://www.washington.uwc.edu/about/f
aculty/schaefer_w/TissuesPage.htm
Organs are the next
level of
organization in the
body.
An organ is a
structure that
contains at least two
different types of
tissue functioning
together for a
common purpose.
Organ systems are composed of
two or more different organs that
work together to provide a
common function. There are 10
major organ systems in the
human body.

Major Role (Function):
Provide support for the
body, to protect delicate
internal organs and to
provide attachment sites
for the organs.

Major Organs
(Structure):
Bones, cartilage, tendons
and ligaments.
 Major
Role (Function):
To protect against
pathogens; helps
regulate body
temperatures

Major Organs/Structures:
Skin, hair, nails
Major Role (Function):
Provide movement.
Muscles work in pairs to move
limbs and provide and provide
mobility.
 Muscles also control the movement
of materials through some organs,
such as the stomach and intestine,
and the heart and circulatory
system.
 Major Organs:
Skeletal muscles and smooth
muscles throughout the body


Major Role:
The main role of the circulatory
system is to transport nutrients,
gases (such as oxygen and
CO2), hormones and wastes
through the body.
 Major
Organs:
Heart, blood vessels and
blood.


Major Role:
To relay electrical signals
through the body. The
nervous system directs
behaviour and movement
and, along with the
endocrine system, controls
physiological processes
such as digestion,
circulation, etc
Major Organs:
Brain, spinal cord and peripheral
nerves.

Major Role:
Provide gas exchange
between the blood and the
environment.
Primarily, oxygen is
absorbed from the
atmosphere into the body
and carbon dioxide is
expelled from the body.

Major Organs:
Nose, trachea and lungs.
 Major
Role:
The main role of the
digestive system is to
breakdown and absorb
nutrients that are
necessary for growth
and maintenance.

Major Organs:
Mouth, esophagus, stomach,
small and large intestines.
 Major
Role:
To filter out cellular
wastes, toxins and
excess water or nutrients
from the circulatory
system.

Major Organs:
Kidneys, ureters, bladder and
urethra.


Major Role:
To relay chemical messages
through the body. In
conjunction with the nervous
system, these chemical
messages help control
physiological processes such as
nutrient absorption, growth, etc
Major Organs:
Many glands exist in the body
that secrete endocrine
hormones. Among these are the
hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid,
pancreas and adrenal glands.
 Major
Role:
To manufacture cells that
allow reproduction. In the
male, sperm are created to
inseminate egg cells
produced in the female.
 Major
Organs:
Female (top): ovaries, oviducts,
uterus, vagina and mammary
glands.
Male (bottom): testes, seminal
vesicles and penis.
 Major
Role:
To destroy and remove
invading microbes and viruses
from the body. The lymphatic
system also removes fat and
excess fluids from the blood.
 Major
Organs:
Lymph, lymph nodes and
vessels, white blood cells, T- and
B- cells.
The lymphatic system in vertebrates is a network of
conduits that carry a clear fluid called lymph. It also
includes the lymphoid tissue through which the lymph
travels. Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs,
particularly the lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid
follicles associated with the digestive system such as
the tonsils. The system also includes all the structures
dedicated to the circulation and production of
lymphocytes, which includes the spleen, thymus, bone
marrow and the lymphoid tissue associated with the
digestive system.
The study of lymphatic drainage of various organs is
important in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of
cancer. The lymphatic system, because of its physical
proximity to many tissues of the body, is responsible for
carrying cancerous cells between the various parts of
the body in a process called metastasis. The
intervening lymph nodes can trap the cancer cells. If
they are not successful in destroying the cancer cells
the nodes may become sites of secondary tumors.
 Describe
how the skeletal, muscular,
nervous, respiratory, and circulatory
systems function in a person
swimming laps in a pool.
 Read
in Synergy p.62-65, Tissues, Organs
and Systems
 Answer the questions 1 to 4 p. 65
 The
body is put into motion by the skeletal and
the muscular systems. The blood will provide
muscles with oxygen and glucose which are
required for any physical activity. As the
physical activity intensifies, the muscles will
need more oxygen and the circulatory and
respiratory systems will accelerate their rythm.
All this activity is regulated and controlled by
the nervous system.
1.
2.
Cell, tissue, organ, system
..
1. Organ
2. Tissue
3. Cell
4. System
3.
…
3. Connective
4. Epithelial
5. Nerve
6. Connective
7. Muscle
4. …
1. Nervous system
2. Digestive system
3. Excretory system
4. Reproductive system