Transcript REvision session NAB 2

Human Physiology in the
Development of Performance
Summary
Today’s Objectives
• To summarise the section we have just completed in
preparation for the NAB
• The CardioRespiratory system
can be split into 2
parts
• In general terms:
– Cardio: Heart
– Respiratory:
Lungs
Cardio-Respiratory System
Question
• What is the main function of the cardiorespiratory system?
• Answer
• To move air in and out of the lungs so that
oxygen can be taken into the blood stream and
carbon dioxide can be released from the blood
stream into the lungs and breathed out.
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Structure
Description
Nasal Passage
Nose
Oral Cavity
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
Funnel shaped tube
allowing air to go into the
windpipe
Voice Box
Trachea
Windpipe
Bronchi
Sub-divisions of windpipe
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Structure
Description
Lungs
Cone shaped organs of the
respiratory system
Muscular organ of the
cardiovascular system
Flat bones that protect the
heart and lungs
Muscle that pull on the rib
cage causing it to move
Connective tissue that joins
the ribs onto the sternum
Heart
Ribs
Intercostal
muscles
Cartilage
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Structure
Description
Bronchioles
Small tube like
subdivisions of the
bronchi
Muscle at the bottom of
the rib cage which
assists during breathing
Bunch of grape like
structures where
pulmonary diffusion
takes place
Diaphragm
Alveoli
The Respiratory System
Intercostal
muscles
Bronchioles
Cartilage
Diaphragm
Alveoli
Pathway of Air
Oral Cavity/Nasal Passages
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveoli – where pulmonary diffusion occurs
What is Pulmonary Diffusion?
• Pulmonary Diffusion is the name for the
process of gas exchange which occurs in
the lungs
It has 2 main functions:
1. To replenish the blood with oxygen where
it can be transported around the body
2. To remove carbon dioxide from the blood
so we can breathe it out
Pulmonary Diffusion
• During pulmonary diffusion the gases (O2
and CO2) always travel from an area of
high concentration to an area of low
concentration
• Until there is an equal balance of both
gases in the blood
Human Physiology in the Development
of Performance D681 12
Breathing In
B
The diaphragm contracts and flattens
E
The intercostals muscles contract
pulling the ribs up and out
This increases the volume of the lungs
and decreases the air pressure inside
them
The greater air pressure outside
forces air into the lungs
G
F
Human Physiology in the Development
of Performance D681 12
Breathing Out
A
The intercostals muscles and the
diaphragm relax
C
The volume of the lungs decreases
D
The internal pressure of the lungs
increases above that of the external
air pressure
Air is forced out of the lungs
H
Adaptations to the Respiratory
with Exercise
• Increased ability to take in more air due to
increases in strength or endurance of
intercostals muscles
• Increased efficiency of oxygen uptake by
blood (pulmonary diffusion)
• Increased alveoli surface area
Energy Systems
• Diagram of ATP molecule
P
A
P
P
Energy Systems
Main Function of all energy systems
- To re-synthesise ATP
- ADP + P + Energy > ATP
Energy Systems
You must know the reactions which take place
within each of the three systems and the
advantages and disadvantages of them.
You should know how long they last.
Aerobic System (another role)
• Assisting in the recovery of the other
systems – ie oxygen deficit and excess
post exercise oxygen consumption (epoc).