Transcript Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Anatomy and
Purpose of the
Respiratory System
Lack of Oxygen Video Intro
Describe what you saw happen to the cell’s internal functions with the
depletion of oxygen.
- What would the consequences be to the organism if the
situation was acute (not long)? Explain
- Would our body function properly if we had reduced oxygen flow?
HINT: Think about what happens with Aerobic and Anaerobic Resp.
Group Discussion:
Share your knowledge of how energy is
created in the body.
Explain what you know about how the
respiratory system works and how it can
regulate energy creation.
(Why, when and how do we breath?)
Human Lung Anatomy Video
The respiratory system consists
of the respiratory tracts and the
lungs.
Respiratory Tract Components
Order of air passing through the tract:
1. Nasal Cavity
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx
4. Trachea
5. Bronchi
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Are there any organs
shared by different
organ systems?
Components of the Lungs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Primary Bronchus (largest)
Secondary Bronchus
Tertiary Bronchus (smallest)
Bronchiole
Alveoli
Alveoli: The Exchanger.
The alveoli are tiny
sacs that allow O2
to enter each sac,
and CO2 to leave
each sac.
Red = Oxygenated
blood.
Blue = Deoxygenated
blood
Alveoli
 Tiny, thin-walled, grapelike clusters at the
end of each bronchiole
 Surrounded by capillaries
 Where exchange of
carbon dioxide and
oxygen (via diffusion)
takes place.
 Singular – alveolus
 There are millions!
Pleura
 A double membrane that
lines the lungs and adheres
to the walls of the rib cage
Diaphragm
• Dome shaped muscle
between the chest
and the abdomen that
the body uses for
breathing
Why O2 and CO2?
1. We need carbs (glucose) for “fuel”.
2. Fuel needs to be oxidized to release energy.
(Oxygen is bonded with the molecules)
3. The carbohydrate molecule rearranges itself
to create different molecules.
(C6H12O6 + O2 = 6H2O + 6CO2 + Energy)
4. Energy is released, and biproducts are
discarded or reused.
H2O reused,
CO2 released via lungs.
How does breathing work?
 Breathing is an
involuntary action
meaning that it occurs
without conscious
thought
 However, breathing is
in fact controlled by a
structure in the brain
called the medula
Why does your breathing rate
increase during and after
exercise?
 Physical activity requires increased energy
production
 Thus, your muscles must consume more O2 to
release more energy
 As a result of respiration, more CO2 is
produced
 The increased levels of CO2 in the blood
flowing to your brain is a signal to the medulla
to increase breathing rate
 WHY?
 To remove CO2 and replenish O2 at a faster rate
78 % Nitrogen
21 % Oxygen
1 % Other gases
CO2
O2
Composition of Air
Inhaled Air
78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
0.04% Carbon Dioxide
<1% Other Gases
Exhaled Air
78% Nitrogen
16% Oxygen
5% Carbon Dioxide
<1% Other Gases
Gas Exchange with
the Lungs
Gas Exchange- What is it?
 Two gases, O2 and CO2 switch places
 O2 moves from the alveoli to the
capillaries
 CO2 moves in the opposite direction, from
the capillaries to the alveoli
 This occurs by diffusion:
 The movement of molecules from a
region of high concentration to a region
of low concentration
Basic Diffusion Diagram
Diffusion of Carbon
Dioxide
 Blood arriving at the
alveolus is
deoxygenated:
 Low in O2
 High in CO2
 The concentration of
CO2 inside the
alveolus is lower than
in the cappilary
 Thus, CO2 diffuses
into the alveolus
Diffusion of Oxygen
 Blood arriving at the
alveolus has a low
concentration of O2
 But air entering the
alveolus has a high
concentration of O2
 Thus, O2 diffuses
from the alveolus
(high conc.) into the
capillary (low conc.)
Oxygenated blood
leaving the alveolus
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Glucose
C6H12O6
+
Oxygen
6 O2
→
Carbon
Dioxide
6 CO2
+
Water
ENERGY
6 H 2O
If all the elements, Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen
can be counted for, where does the energy come
from?
The BONDS holding the molecules together!
Crash Course: ATP and Respiration Video
Lack of Oxygen Video Intro
Synergy Questions
Human Body Project