Transcript 1. Invertebrates

Introduction
to the Animal
Kingdom
Traits of the Animal Kingdom:
• All animals are
•Multicellular
•Eukaryotic
•Heterotrophic
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There are 9 phyla (pleural for phylum) in
the Animal Kingdom and two subphyla:
Subphyla:
1. Invertebrates:
-an animal that lacks a
backbone or notochord.
Use this slide-97%
for longer
of all animals are
titles
invertebrates.
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Invertebrate subphyla is divided into 8
phylum:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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Porifera
Cnideria
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Arthropods
Mollusks
Annelids
Echinoderms
Subphyla:
1. Vertebrates:
-an animal that has a
backbone or spinal column.
-3% of all animals are
vertebrates.
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The Vertebrate subphyla contains only one
phylum:
1. Chordates
This phylum is divided into 7 classes.
1.Jawless fish
2. Cartilage fish
3. Boney fish
4. Amphibians
5. Reptiles
6. Aves
7. Mammals
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Hyperlink
Body Plans found within the Animal Kingdom
Asymmetrical:
-has no definite shape
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Symmetrical:
-arrangement of body parts
around a center point.
-Two types:
-Radial symmetry
-Bilateral symmetry
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Radial Symmetry:
Radial means…
Round
-Can be divided into similar pieces by
passing through many points.
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Bilateral symmetry:
Bi means………
Two
Lateral means…
Line
Can be divided into two similar
halves when a line is drawn through a
specific point.
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What are we?????????????
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A quick review of body plans……….
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Anatomy Orientation: (Horse Sheet)
Dorsal:
Back area Cranial/Cephalic
Ventral:
Belly area
Anterior:
Front or head area
Posterior:
Back or tail end
Lateral:
Side
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Caudal/Anal
Essential Functions for all organisms:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Respiration
Feeding/Digestive System
Response/Nervous System
Circulatory System
Reproduction System
Excretory System
Movement
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This
leads to
diversity
in all
living
organisms
FEEDING:
-all animals are heterotrophic
- must obtain their food from
another source.
Types of feeding:
Herbivore:
Eats only plants
Carnivores:
Eats only animals
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Omnivores:
Eats both plants and animals.
Filter Feeders:
Do not move
Must filter out food from water
Detritovores:
Eat dead and decaying plants and animals
Parasites:
Feed off another organism (host) and
harms the host.
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Types of Digestive Systems:
Simplest:
Two way digestive system
Enters and exits out the same opening.
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More complex system:
One way digestive system
Enters and exits out different
openings.
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Respiratory System:
All animals must:
-take in oxygen
-give off carbon dioxide
Small and aquatic (water) animals
must:
-respire through moist skin
-called cutaneous respiration
Larger animals:
-have various forms of complex
modes of respiration
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Circulatory System:
Used to transport items throughout the body.
-oxygen
-carbon dioxide
-food molecules
Small aquatic organisms simply transport
items from water into their body by diffusion.
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Two types of circulatory systems:
Open Circulatory Systems
-Blood is only partially contained within a
system of blood vessels.
-One or more hearts or heart-like organs pump
blood through vessels into surrounding
tissues.
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Closed Circulatory Systems
-A heart or heart like organ forces
blood through vessels that extend
throughout the body.
-Closed circulatory systems are
characteristic of larger, more active
animals.
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Excretory System:
To rid the body of toxic, nitrogenous cellular waste
-main nitrogenous waste is ammonia
-ammonia must be eliminated
OR
-convert ammonia into a less toxic
substance that can then be removed.
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Response :
Receptors used for detecting touch, sound and
light.
-utilizes the nervous system
Some organisms have netlike
arrangement of nerve nets which
consist of individual nerve cells
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Cephalization:
-concentration of sense organs and
nerve cells in the front of the body
forming a “head region”.
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Movement:
-some animals are sessile
- nonmoving
-most are mobile
-uses a set of muscles to coordinate
the motion.
-muscles must be attached to the
skeletal system.
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Types of skeletal systems:
Exoskeletons
-An external skeleton
- is a hard body covering
- made up of chitin.
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Endoskeleton:
-Is a structural support located inside the
body.
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Reproduction:
-Most animals reproduce sexually
-requires what two things?
-sperm
-egg
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Two types of sexual reproduction:
1. Internal Fertilization:
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2. External Fertilization:
FISH
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Frogs
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Hydra and Planarians:
Some simpler animals may
reproduce asexually
-one organism divides
into 2 new identical
organisms.
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Hermaphrodites:
Some organisms are hermaphrodites.
-one organism has both male and
female organs and sex cells.
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