Transcript Cancer

• Cancer: A disease in which abnormal
cells multiply out of control, spread into
surrounding tissues and other body parts,
and disrupt normal functioning of one or
more organs.
(4)Classes of Cancer
1. Cancer in the immune system organs are
lymphomas.
2. Cancers of blood forming organs are
leukemias.
3. Cancers of the glands and body linings are
carcinomas.
4. Cancers of connecting tissue, including bones,
ligaments, and muscles are sarcomas.
Lymphomas
• Lymphomas are broadly divided into
Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin's
Lymphoma
• Both diseases are lymphomas, a type of
cancer that originates in a subset of white
blood cells called lymphocytes. The
difference between Hodgkin's and nonHodgkin's is in the specific lymphocytes
involved.
Leukemia
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What is Leukemia?
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood cells. There are several types of
leukemia and these are classified by how quickly they progress and
what cell they affect. In order to understand how leukemia affects
the cells, it is helpful to first understand what normal blood cells do.
White blood cells are the body's infection fighting cells.
Red blood cells give blood it's red color, but more importantly, carry
oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and return carbon
dioxide to the lungs as waste.
Platelets (help the body form blood clots to control bleeding.
In addition to these three cell types, the blood also contains a fluid
called plasma.
Carcinomas
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These cancers are classified into six categories:
Adrenocortical carcinoma, which arises from the adrenal cortex, the outside
layer of the adrenal gland. The cells in the adrenal cortex make hormones
that help the body work properly, such as steroids and hormones important
for sexual development and maturation. When cells in the adrenal cortex
become cancerous, they may make too much of one or more hormones,
which can cause symptoms such as high blood pressure, weakening of the
bones, or diabetes. If male or female hormones are affected, the body may
go through changes such as a deepening of the voice, growing hair on the
face, swelling of the sex organs, or swelling of the breasts.
Thyroid carcinoma, which arises from the thyroid, a gland located in the
neck that manufactures hormones that affect heart rate, body temperature,
energy level, and also control the level of calcium in the blood.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which affects the nose and pharynx.
Malignant melanoma, a cancer of the skin.
Skin carcinoma other than melanoma.
Other and unspecified carcinomas.
How Cancer Develops
1. Exposure to carcinogen
2. Possible speeding up of cancer
formation by a promoter.
3. Out of control multiplication