Transcript intercostal muscles

LUNGS and TOBACCO
• You breathe in and out anywhere from 15 to 25
times per minute without even thinking about it.
• The airways that bring air into the lungs (the
trachea and bronchi) are made of smooth
muscle and cartilage, allowing the airways to
constrict and expand.
• When you inhale, the diaphragm and
intercostal muscles (those are the muscles
between your ribs) contract and expand the
chest cavity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYSIWceGMxY&NR=1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5BpxwRGVGdc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQnfRc3ODgs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2lRhe_Fc04
• Trachea: A tube-like portion of the breathing or "respiratory" tract
that connects the "voice box" (larynx) with the bronchial parts of the
lungs.
• Nicotine- an addictive drug found in
tobacco leaves.
– It is a stimulant-raises blood pressure, heart
rate and contributes to heart disease and
stroke.
• Carcinogen – a cancer causing substance
– Tobacco smoke was classified as a
carcinogen in 1992
– Cigarettes have 40 know carcinogens
including cyanide, formaldehyde and arsenic
Tar and Carbon Monoxide
• Tar- a thick sticky dark fluid produced when
tobacco burns
– Because of its sticky consistency and the reduced
ability of the smoker's lungs to expel impurities, that
may remain in the lungs for long time.
– Tar paralyzes the hair like structures called "cilia"
inside the bronchial tubes. Cilia protect the lungs by
sweeping out mucus, impurities, and germs. How do
you think the lungs are affected if the cilia are out of
order? How would you describe the effects of tar on
the teeth?
• Carbon Monoxide-colorless, odorless and
poisonous gas.
– It is taken up easier by the blood cells and
eventually replaces oxygen in the blood
thereby depriving the tissues and cells of
oxygen.
– Increases the risk of high blood pressure,
heart disease and hardening of the arteries.
Pipes and Cigars
• They contain more nicotine and produce
more tar and Carbon monoxide than
cigarettes.
• One pipe/cigar is equal to a pack
• Have an increased risk of developing
cancers of the lip, mouth and throat
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Cancer
Heart Disease and Stroke
Respiratory Health
Secondhand Smoke
Smoking During Pregnancy
Cancer
• The risk of dying from lung cancer is more than
22 times higher among men who smoke
cigarettes and about 12 times higher among
women who smoke cigarettes compared with
never smokers.
• Cigarette smoking increases the risk for many
types of cancer, including cancers of the lip, oral
cavity, pharynx, esophagus, pancreas, larynx
(voice box), lung, uterine cervix, urinary bladder,
and kidney.
• Rates of cancers are highest among AfricanAmerican men.
Lung cancer is the No. 1 cancer-related
killer in the United States
Heart Disease and Stroke
• Smoking causes coronary heart disease, the leading
cause of death in the United States. Cigarette smokers
are 2–4 times more likely to develop coronary heart
disease than nonsmokers.
• Cigarette smoking approximately doubles a person’s risk
for stroke.
• Cigarette smoking causes reduced circulation by
narrowing the blood vessels (arteries). Smokers are
more than 10 times as likely as nonsmokers to develop
peripheral vascular disease.
• Smoking causes abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Respiratory Health
• Cigarette smoking is associated with a
tenfold increase in the risk of dying from
chronic obstructive lung disease.
• About 90% of all deaths from chronic
obstructive lung diseases are attributable
to cigarette smoking.
Smoking During Pregnancy
• Research has shown that smoking during
pregnancy causes health problems for
both mothers and babies, such as
– Pregnancy complications
– Premature birth
– Low-birth-weight infants
– Stillbirth
– Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Smokeless Tobacco
• A tobacco that is sniffed through the nose,
held in the mouth, or chewed.
• Contains nicotine and 28 known
carcinogens
• Absorbed into the blood through the
mucous membranes and the digestive
tract.
Smokeless Tobacco
• Held in the mouth for a length of
time…delivers both nicotine and
carcinogens to the body at levels 2 to 3
times the amount delivered by a single
cigarette
– So people who chew 8 to 10 plugs of tobacco
a day take in the same amount of nicotine as
two pack a day smokers
Short Term Effects
• Changes in Brain Chemistry
– The addictive nicotine causes the body to crave more
of the drug.
• Withdrawal symptoms
• Increased respiration and heart rate
– Breathing is more difficult
– Nicotine can cause irregular heart beat
• Dulled taste buds and reduced appetite.
• Bad breath and smelly hair, clothes and skin
Long Term
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Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Lung Cancer
Coronary heart disease and stroke
• Legal Consequences
– selling to anyone under 18 is illegal in all
states.
– Use of tobacco products on school property is
prohibited
• Social Consequences
– Second hand smoke
• Financial consequences
Choosing to Live Tobacco Free
• Smoking has gone down dramatically
because people are understanding the
health consequences.
– Antismoking Campaigns-tobacco companies
are restricted from advertising tobacco and
are required to fund anti smoking campaigns
– Financial Cost– Societal pressures– Family influence
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