Transcript Respiratory System

Respiratory System
Pre-assessment Questions:
 What is cellular respiration?
 How does the respiratory system
relate to cellular respiration?
 How does the circulatory system
relate to the respiratory system and
to cellular respiration?
Respiratory System
I. Overview
A. Primary functions:
 Gas exchange: Which gases and in which
direction?
1.
2.
3.
To absorb oxygen
Release carbon dioxide
Warms, humidifies and filters air
B.How does gas exchange relate to cellular respiration?
The respiratory system brings in the oxygen and
removes the carbon dioxide so you can
produce energy.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy
1. RS brings oxygen
into the body
2. Oxygenated blood
gets pumped by the
CS to cells of the body
3. O2 is exchanged for
CO2 at the cellular level
YEAH! I’M ALIVE!
5. CO2 is expelled by
the lungs
4. Deoxygenated blood is
transported back to the
lungs via the CS
Respiratory System
II. Anatomy
A. Nose / Nasal Cavity
1. Air enters the body and is filtered, warmed and
humidified HOW and WHY?
2. Lined with cilia and mucous WHY?
Respiratory System
B. Pharynx (Throat)
1. Passageway for air and food
C. Epiglottis
1. Covers the opening to the
trachea when you swallow
2. Why?
** prevents food from
“going down the wrong
way.”
3. What is the wrong way?
Respiratory System
D. Larynx “Voice Box”
1. A pathway lined with several
pieces of cartilage which are
connected to muscles.
2. Allows us to communicate
3. One piece, the thyroid cartilage
forms the “Adam’s apple “.
 Why do boys have a larger
Adam’s apple?
***Testosterone causes it
to grow larger.
Respiratory System
E. Trachea
1. Cartilaginous tube - “Windpipe”
2. Divides into right and left bronchi
Respiratory System
F. Bronchi
1. Two large passageways in the chest cavity – each
leads to one lung
2. Subdivide into smaller bronchioles
3. Smooth muscle surrounds the
bronchi and bronchioles and
control size of airway
4. Bronchioles subdivide into
millions of tiny air sacs
called alveoli
Respiratory System
G. Alveoli
1. Oxygen dissolves in the
moisture on the inner
surface, then diffuses
across capillaries into the
blood
2. Carbon dioxide in the
bloodstream diffuses in
the opposite direction
Alveoli
There are 150
million
alveoli in
each healthy
lung!
Bronchiole
Capillary
Respiratory System
III. Breathing
A. Controlled by the diaphragm
B. CO2 levels in blood determine diaphragm
contraction; monitored by cells in brain
Air exhaled
Air inhaled
Rib cage lowers
Rib cage rises
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
Inhalation
Exhalation
Quiz on Respiratory Structures
Nasal Cavity
Mouth
Epiglottis
Pharynx
Trachea
Lung
Bronchiole
Bronchus
Diaphragm
Respiratory System
IV. Diseases of the RS
A. Asthma
1. Allergic reaction
2. Smooth muscles contract, narrowing the airways
3. Clogs the airways with mucus
B. Bronchitis
1. Excess mucus and inflammation of the
bronchioles
2. Caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as
cigarette smoke and air pollutants
Respiratory System
C. Cystic Fibrosis
1. Genetic defect that causes excessive mucus
production that clogs the airways; die from
drowning
D. Pneumonia
1. Inflammation of the lungs caused by
Streptococcus pneumoniae
E. Tuberculosis
1. Bacterial infection (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
of the lungs that causes the formation of hard
nodules and crusty dead spots in lungs
Respiratory System
V. Effects of Smoking
1. Nicotine constricts bronchioles, decreasing airflow
in lungs = bad
2. CO binds to hemoglobin reducing O2 carrying
capacity = bad
3. Irritants in smoke caused increased mucus
secretion and swelling of mucosal lining = bad
4. Irritants in smoke inhibit movement and eventually
destroy cilia in lining of RS = bad
5. Over time, the elastic fibers of the lungs are
destroyed causing collapse of small bronchioles
and the trapping of air in alveoli = bad
Respiratory System
Respiratory System
VI. Smoking-Related Diseases
A. Emphysema: Destruction of the walls of
the alveoli resulting in less surface for
gas exchange
Respiratory System
B. Chronic bronchitis: Excessive
secretion of bronchial mucus
Respiratory System
C. Lung Cancer: leading cause of cancer deaths in
US; most people die within a year of initial
diagnosis; 85% of cases are related to smoking
Respiratory System
DON’T SMOKE OR YOU COULD WIND
UP LIKE THESE GUYS!!!!!!!